Haplogroupes Y-ADN par groupes ethniques
Apparence
Liste de groupes ethniques par haplogroupes de l'ADN du chromosome Y basée sur des études scientifiques. Les données sont présentées en deux colonnes pour chaque haplogroupe avec la première mentionnant la taille (n) de l'échantillon et la seconde le pourcentage dans l'haplogroupe désigné par l'en-tête de la colonne. Les échantillons sont prélevés pour des individus identifiés par leur désignation ethnique et linguistique dans les deux premières colonnes.
Population | Langue[1] | n[2] | R1b[3] | n | R1a | n | I | n | E1b1b | n | E1b1a | n | J | n | G | n | N | n | T | n | L |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abaziniens | Caucasique (Nord-Ouest) | 14 | 0[4] | 14 | 14[4] | 14 | 0[4] | 14 | 0[4] | 14 | 0[4] | 14 | 7[4],[5] | 14 | 29[4] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Abkhazes | Caucasique (Nord-Ouest) | 12 | 8[4] | 12 | 33,0[4] | 12 | 33,3[4] | 12 | 0[4] | 12 | 0[4] | 12 | 25[4],[5] | 12 | 0[4] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Albanais | IE (Albanais) | 51 | 0[6] | 51 | 0[6] | 51 | 49,0[6] | 51 | 21,6[6] | — | — | 51 | 23,5[6] | 51 | 0[6] | 51 | 0,0[6] | 51 | 0,0[6] | 51 | 0,0[6] |
Albanais (Kosovar) | IE (Albanais) | 114 | 0[7] | 114 | 0[7] | 114 | 44,3[7] | 114 | 47,4[7] | — | — | 114 | 5,8[7] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Albanais (Tirana) | IE (Albanais) | 30 | 13,3[8] | 30 | 13,3[8] | 30 | 16,7[8] | 30 | 23,3[8] | 30 | 0,0[8] | 30 | 20,0[8] | 30 | 3,3[8] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Albanais | IE (Albanais) | 55 | 18,2[9] | 55 | 9,1[9] | 55 | 21,8[9] | 55 | 25,5[9] | 55 | 0,0[9] | 55 | 23,6[9] | 55 | 1,8[9] | 55 | 0,0[9] | 55 | 0,0[9] | 55 | 0,0[9] |
Albanais (Macédoine) | IE (Albanais) | 64 | 18,8[9] | 64 | 1,6[9] | 64 | 17,2[9] | 64 | 39,1[9] | 64 | 0,0[9] | 64 | 21,9[9] | 64 | 1,6[9] | 64 | 0,0[9] | 64 | 0,0[9] | 64 | 0,0[9] |
Albanais | IE (Albanais) | — | — | — | — | 106 | 23,6[10] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Altaïens | Altaique (Turc) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 142 | 9,2[11] | — | — | — | — |
Altaïens (Nord) | Altaique (Turc) | 50 | 6,0[12] | 50 | 38,0 | 50 | 0,0 | 50 | 0,0 | — | — | 50 | 2,0 | 50 | 0,0 | 50 | 10,0 | — | — | — | — |
Altaïens (Sud) | Altaique (Turc) | 96 | 1,0[12] | 96 | 53,1 | 96 | 2,1 | 96 | 1,0 | — | — | 96 | 4,2 | — | — | 96 | 11,5 | — | — | — | — |
Ambalakarar | Dravidien (Sud) | 29 | 0,0[13] | 29 | 13,8[13] | 29 | 0,0[13] | 29 | 0,0[13] | 29 | 0,0[13] | 29 | 6,9[13] | 29 | 3,4[13] | 29 | 0,0[13] | 29 | 0,0[13] | 29 | 20,7[13] |
Amharas | Afro-Asiatique (Sémitique) | 48 | 0,0[14] | 48 | 0,0[14] | 48 | 0,0[14] | 48 | 45,8[14] | — | — | 48 | 33,3[14] | 48 | 0,0[14] | 48 | 0,0[14] | 48 | 4,2[14] | 48 | 0,0[14] |
Andalous | IE (Italique) | 29 | 65,5[6] | 29 | 0,0[6] | 103 | 3,9[10] | 76 | 9,2[15] | — | — | 93 | 1,1[15] | 29 | 0,0[6] | 29 | 0,0[6] | 29 | 6,9[6] | 29 | 3,4[6] |
Andis | Caucasique (Nord-Est) | 49 | 6,1[16] | 49 | 2,0[16] | 49 | 26,5[16] | 49 | 2,0[16] | — | — | 49 | 55,1[16] | 49 | 6,1[16] | 49 | 0,0[16] | 49 | 2,0[16] | 49 | 0,0[16] |
Arabes (Algérie) | Afro-Asiatique (Sémitique) | 35 | 13,0[17] | 35 | 0,0[17] | — | — | 32 | 50[15] | — | — | 35 | 35[17] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Arabes (Algérie - Oran) | Afro-Asiatique (Sémitique) | 102 | 10,8[18] | 102 | 1[18] | — | — | 102 | 50,9[18] | 102 | 12,8[18] | 102 | 27,4[18] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Arabes (Bédouins) | Afro-Asiatique (Sémitique) | 32 | 0,0[19] | 32 | 9,4[19] | 32 | 6,3[19] | 32 | 18,7[19] | — | — | 32 | 65,6[19] | — | — | — | — | — | — | 32 | 0,0[19] |
Arabes (Égyptiens) | Afro-Asiatique (Sémitique) | 147 | 4,1[20] | 147 | 2,7[20] | 147 | 0,7[20] | 147 | 36,7[20] | 147 | 2,8[20] | 147 | 32,0[20] | 147 | 8,8[20] | 147 | 0,0[20] | 147 | 8,2[20] | — | — |
Arabes (Irak) | Afro-Asiatique (Sémitique) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 218 | 8,3[15] | 218 | 0,9[15] | 156 | 50,6[15] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Arabes (Israël) | Afro-Asiatique (Sémitique) | 143 | 8,4[19] | 143 | 1,4[19] | 143 | 6,3[19] | 143 | 20,3[19] | — | — | 143 | 55,2[19] | — | — | — | — | — | — | 143 | 0,0[19] |
Arabes (Maroc) | Afro-Asiatique (Sémitique) | 44 | 3,8[7] | 44 | 0,0[7] | 44 | 0,0[7] | 49 | 85,5[15] | — | — | 49 | 2,4[15] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Arabes (Oman) | Afro-Asiatique (Sémitique) | 121 | 1,7[20] | 121 | 9,1[20] | 121 | 0,0[20] | 121 | 15,7[20] | 121 | 7,4[20] | 121 | 47,9[20] | 121 | 1,7[20] | — | — | 121 | 8,3[20] | 121 | 0,8[20] |
Arabes (Qatar) | Afro-Asiatique (Sémitique) | 72 | 1,4[21] | 72 | 6,9[21] | 72 | 0,0[21] | 72 | 5,6[21] | 72 | 2,8[21] | 72 | 66,7[21] | 72 | 2,8[21] | 72 | 0,0[21] | 72 | 0,0[21] | 72 | 2,8[21] |
Arabes ( Arabie saoudite) | Afro-Asiatique (Sémitique) | 157 | 1,9[22] | 157 | 5,1[22] | 157 | 0,0[22] | 157 | 7,6[22] | 157 | 7,6[22] | 157 | 40,0[22] | 157 | 3,2[22] | 157 | 0,0[22] | 157 | 5,1[22] | 157 | 1,9[22] |
Arabes (Émirats arabes unis) | Afro-Asiatique (Sémitique) | 164 | 4,3[21] | 164 | 7,3[21] | — | — | 164 | 11,6[21] | 164 | 5,5[21] | 164 | 45,1[21] | 164 | 4,3[21] | 164 | 0,0[21] | 164 | 4,9[21] | 164 | 3,0[21] |
Arabes (Yémen) | Afro-Asiatique (Sémitique) | 62 | 0,0[21] | 62 | 0,0[21] | 62 | 0,0[21] | 62 | 12,9[21] | 62 | 3,2[21] | 62 | 82,3[21] | 62 | 1,6[21] | 62 | 0,0[21] | 62 | 0,0[21] | 62 | 0,0[21] |
Arabes (Syrie) | Afro-Asiatique (Sémitique) | 20 | 15,0[6] | 20 | 10,0[6] | 20 | 5,0[6] | 20 | 10,0[6] | — | — | 20 | 30,0[6] | 20 | 0,0[6] | 20 | 0,0[6] | 20 | 0,0[6] | 20 | 0,0[6] |
Arabes (Liban) | Afro-Asiatique (Sémitique) | 31 | 6,4[6] | 31 | 9,7[6] | 31 | 3,2[6] | 31 | 25,8[6] | — | — | 31 | 45,2[6] | 31 | 3,2[6] | 31 | 0,0[6] | 31 | 0,0[6] | 31 | 3,2[6] |
Arabes (Soudan) | Afro-Asiatique (Sémitique) | 102 | 15,7[23] | — | — | 102 | 3,9[23] | 102 | 16,7[23] | — | — | 102 | 47,1[23] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Arabes (Tunisie) | Afro-Asiatique (Sémitique) | 148 | 6,8[17] | 148 | 0,0[17] | 148 | 0,0[17] | 148 | 49,3[17] | 148 | 1,4[17] | 148 | 35,8[17] | — | — | 148 | 0,0[17] | 148 | 0,7[17] | 148 | 0,0[17] |
Arabes (Libye) | Afro-Asiatique (Sémitique) | 63 | 3[24] | 63 | 1,5[24] | 63 | 1,5[24] | 63 | 52,0[24] | 63 | 0,0[24] | 63 | 24,0[24] | 63 | 8,0[24] | — | — | 63 | 5,0[24] | 63 | 1,5[24] |
Arméniens | IE (Arménien) | 89 | 24,7[25] | 89 | 5,6[25] | 100 | 5,0[4] | 89 | 3,4[25] | — | — | 89 | 29,2[25] | 100 | 11,0[4] | 89 | 3,4[25] | — | — | — | — |
Arméniens | IE (Arménien) | 734 | 32,4[26] | 734 | 5,3[26] | — | — | 734 | 5,4[26] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 734 | 1,6[26] |
Aroumains (Dukasi, Nord Albanie) | IE (Italique) | 39 | 2,6[8] | 39 | 2,6[8] | 39 | 17,9[8] | 39 | 17,9[8] | 39 | 0,0[8] | 39 | 48,7[8] | 39 | 10,3[8] | 39 | 0,0[8] | 39 | 0,0[8] | 39 | 0,0[8] |
Aroumains (Andon Poci, Sud Albanie) | IE (Italic) | 19 | 36,8[8] | 19 | 0,0[8] | 19 | 42,1[8] | 19 | 15,8[8] | 19 | 0,0[8] | 19 | 5,3[8] | 19 | 0,0[8] | 19 | 0,0[8] | 19 | 0,0[8] | 19 | 0,0[8] |
Aroumains (Kruševo, Macédoine) | IE (Italique) | 43 | 27,9[8] | 43 | 11,6[8] | 43 | 20,9[8] | 43 | 20,9[8] | 43 | 0,0[8] | 43 | 11,6[8] | 43 | 7,0[8] | 43 | 0,0[8] | 43 | 0,0[8] | 43 | 0,0[8] |
Aroumains (Štip, Macédoine) | IE (Italique) | 65 | 23,1[8] | 65 | 21,5[8] | 65 | 16,9[8] | 65 | 18,5[8] | 65 | 0,0[8] | 65 | 20,0[8] | 65 | 0,0[8] | 65 | 0,0[8] | 65 | 0,0[8] | 65 | 0,0[8] |
Aroumains (Roumanie) | IE (Italique) | 42 | 23,8[8] | 42 | 2,4[8] | 42 | 19,0[8] | 42 | 7,1[8] | 42 | 0,0[8] | 42 | 33,3[8] | 42 | 0,0[8] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Ashkénazes (Juifs) | Afro-Asiatique (Sémitique) | — | — | 79 | 12,7[19] | — | — | 79 | 22,8[19] | — | — | 79 | 43,0[19] | — | — | — | — | — | — | 79 | 0,0[19] |
Ashkénazes (Juifs) | Afro-Asiatique (Sémitique) | — | — | — | — | 442 | 4,1[27] | 442 | 19,7[27] | 442 | 0,2[27] | 442 | 38,0[27] | 442 | 9,7[27] | 442 | 0,2[27] | — | — | 442 | 0,2[27] |
Autrichiens | IE (Germanique, Ouest) | 219 | 32 | 219 | 14 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Avars | Caucasique (Nord-Est) | 42 | 2,4[16] | 42 | 2,4[16] | 42 | 0,0[16] | 42 | 7,1[16] | — | — | 42 | 71,4[16] | 42 | 0,0[16] | 42 | 0,0[16] | 42 | 4,8[16] | 42 | 9,5[16] |
Azéris | Altaique (Turc) | 72 | 11,1[28] | 72 | 6,9[28] | — | — | 97 | 4,1[29] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Bagwali | Caucasique (Nord-Est) | 28 | 67,9[16] | 28 | 3,6[16] | 28 | 7,1[16] | 28 | 0,0[16] | — | — | 28 | 21,4[16] | 28 | 0,0[16] | 28 | 0,0[16] | 28 | 0,0[16] | 28 | 0,0[16] |
Balkars | Altaique (Turc) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 39 | 2,6[15] | — | — | 16 | 25,0[15] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Balkars | Altaique (Turc) | 38 | 13,2[9] | 38 | 13,2[9] | 38 | 2,6[9] | 38 | 2,6[9] | 38 | 0,0[9] | 38 | 23,7[9] | 38 | 28,9[9] | 38 | 0,0[9] | 38 | 0,0[9] | 38 | 5,3[9] |
Baloutches | IE (Iranien, dialecte du Nord-Ouest) | 25 | 8,0[13] | 25 | 28,0[13] | 25 | 0,0[13] | 25 | 8,0[13] | 25 | 0,0[13] | 25 | 16,0[13] | 25 | 0,0[13] | 25 | 0,0[13] | 25 | 0,0[13] | 25 | 24,0[13] |
Bachkirs (Perm) | Altaique (Turc) | 43 | 86,0[30] | 43 | 9,3 | 43 | 0,0 | 43 | 0,0 | 43 | 0,0 | 43 | 0,0 | 43 | 2,3 | 43 | 2,3 | 43 | 0,0 | 43 | 0,0 |
Basques (France, Espagne) | Basque (Basque) | 67 | 0[6] | 67 | 0,0[6] | 67 | 97,6[6] | 67 | 1,1[6] | — | — | 67 | 1,3[6] | 67 | 0,0[6] | 67 | 0,0[6] | 67 | 0,0[6] | 67 | 0,0[6] |
Bavarois | IE (Germanique, Ouest) | 80 | 50,0[25] | 80 | 15,0[25] | — | — | 80 | 8,0[25] | — | — | 80 | 5,0[25] | — | — | 80 | 0,0[25] | 80 | 0,0[25] | — | — |
Belges | IE (Germanique/Italique) | 92 | 63,0[25] | 92 | 4,0[25] | — | — | 92 | 2,0[25] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Biélorusses | IE (Slave, Est) | 41 | 0,0[25] | 41 | 39,0[25] | 147 | 19,0[10] | 41 | 10,0[25] | — | — | — | — | — | — | 41 | 2,4[25] | — | — | — | — |
Biélorusses | IE (Slave, Est) | 68 | 4,4[31] | 68 | 45,6[31] | 68 | 25,0[31] | 68 | 4,4[31] | — | — | — | — | 68 | 1,5[31] | 68 | 8,8[31] | — | — | — | — |
Biélorusses | IE (Slave, Est) | 306 | 4,2[32] | 306 | 51,0[32] | — | — | 306 | 4,6[32] | — | — | 306 | 3,3[32] | — | — | 306 | 9,5[32] | — | — | — | — |
Béarnais | IE (Italique)
— |
— | — | — | — | 26 | 7,7[10] | 43 | 3,7[15] | — | — | 26 | 3,8[15] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Bejas | Afro-Asiatique (Couchitique) | 42 | 4,8[23] | 42 | 0,0[23] | 42 | 0,0[23] | 42 | 52,4[23] | 42 | 0,0[23] | 42 | 38,1[23] | 42 | 0,0[23] | 42 | 0,0[23] | 42 | 0,0[23] | 42 | 0,0[23] |
Berbères (Moyen Atlas) | Afro-Asiatique (Berbère) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 69 | 87,1[29] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Berbères (((Marrakech))) | Afro-Asiatique (Berbère) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 29 | 92,9[29] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Berbères (Mozabites) | Afro-Asiatique (Berbère) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 20 | 80,0[29] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Berbères (Maroc) | Afro-Asiatique (Berbère) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 64 | 88,2[15] | 64 | 0[15] | 103 | 0[15] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Berbères (Maroc du Rif central) | Afro-Asiatique (Berbère) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 63 | 88,8[15] | 63 | 0[15] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Berbères (Maroc du Sud) | Afro-Asiatique (Berbère) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 40 | 89[15] | 40 | 0[15] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Bijagos | Langues nigéro-congolaises (Baga (langue)) | 21 | 4,8[33] | 21 | 0,0[33] | 21 | 0,0[33] | 21 | 14,3[33] | 21 | 76,2[33] | 21 | 0,0[33] | 21 | 0,0[33] | 21 | 0,0[33] | 21 | 0,0[33] | 21 | 0,0[33] |
Mabas (Soudan/Tchad) | Nilo-Saharien (Maba) | 26 | 11,5[23] | 26 | 0,0[23] | 26 | 0,0[23] | 26 | 53,8[23] | 26 | 0,0[23] | 26 | 0,0[23] | 26 | 0,0[23] | 26 | 0,0[23] | 26 | 0,0[23] | 26 | 0,0[23] |
Bosniaques | IE (Slave, Sud) | 69 | 0[7] | 69 | 0[7] | 69 | 68,0[7] | 69 | 10,1[7] | — | — | 69 | 0,0[7] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Brahmines (Konkanastha) | IE (Indo-aryen) | 25 | 0,0[13] | 25 | 48,0[13] | 25 | 0,0[13] | 25 | 0,0[13] | 25 | 0,0[13] | 25 | 16,0[13] | 25 | 0,0[13] | 25 | 0,0[13] | 25 | 0,0[13] | 25 | 4,0[13] |
Brahuis | Dravidien (Nord) | — | — | 110 | 39,1[34] | — | — | 110 | 0,0[34] | 110 | 2,7[34] | 110 | 28,2[34] | — | — | 110 | 0,9[34] | — | — | 110 | 7,3[34] |
Brahuis | Dravidien (Nord) | 25 | 0,0[13] | 25 | 24,0[13] | 25 | 0,0[13] | 25 | 0,0[13] | 25 | 0,0[13] | 25 | 28,0[13] | 25 | 16,0[13] | 25 | 0,0[13] | 25 | 0,0[13] | 25 | 8,0[13] |
Britanniques | IE (Germanique, Ouest) | 32 | 68,8[35] | 32 | 9,4[35] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Bulgares | IE (Slave, Sud) | 24 | 17,0[25] | 34 | 14,7[36] | — | — | 116 | 20,7[29] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Bourouchaski | Bourouchaski (langue isolée) | 97 | 1,0[37] | 97 | 27,8[37] | 97 | 0,0[37] | 97 | 0,0[37] | — | — | 97 | 8,2[37] | 97 | 1,0[37] | 97 | 0,0[37] | 97 | 0,0[37] | 97 | 16,5[37] |
Catalans | IE (Italique) | 24 | 79,2[6] | 24 | 0,0[38] | 32 | 4,2[38] | 33 | 6,1[15] | — | — | 28 | 3,6[15] | 24 | 8,0[38] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Cantabriens (Pasiegos) | IE (Italique) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 56 | 42,9[29] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Chamalins | Caucasique (Nord-Est) | 27 | 0,0[16] | 27 | 7,4[16] | 27 | 0,0[16] | 27 | 0,0[16] | — | — | 27 | 70,4[16] | 27 | 18,5[16] | 27 | 0,0[16] | 27 | 0,0[16] | 27 | 3,7[16] |
Tchétchènes | Caucasique (Nord-Est) | — | — | 19 | 5,0[4] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 19 | 5,0[4] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Tchouvaches | Altaique (Turc) | 79 | 3,8[39] | 79 | 31,6[39] | 79 | 11,3[39] | 79 | 0[39] | 79 | 0[39] | 79 | 24,2[39] | 79 | 0[39] | 79 | 27,8[39] | 79 | 0[39] | 79 | 0[39] |
Coptes (Soudan) | Afro-Asiatique (Égyptien ancien) | 33 | 15,2[23] | — | — | — | — | 33 | 21,2[23] | — | — | 33 | 45,5[23] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Croates (continent) | IE (Slave, Sud) | 108 | 0[7] | 108 | 0[7] | 108 | 94,6[7],[40] | 108 | 0,6[7] | 108 | 0,0[7] | 108 | 0,3[7] | 108 | 0[7] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Croates (continent) | IE (Slave, Sud) | — | — | — | — | 189 | 38,1[10] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Chypriotes | IE (Grec) | 45 | 9,0[25] | 45 | 2,0[25] | — | — | 45 | 27,0[25] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Tchèques | IE (Slave, Ouest) | — | — | 257 | 34,2[41] | 257 | 18,3[41] | 257 | 5,8[41] | — | — | 257 | 4,7[41] | 257 | 5,1[41] | 257 | 1,6[41] | — | — | — | — |
Tchèques et Slovaques | IE (Slave, Ouest) | 45 | 35,6[6] | 45 | 26,7[6] | 198 | 13,6[10] | 45 | 2,2[6] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Danois | IE (Germanique, Nord) | 12 | 0[35] | 12 | 0[35] | 194 | 100[10] | 35 | 0[29] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Darguines | Caucasique (Nord-Est) | 68 | 2,9[16] | 68 | 0,0[16] | - | - | - | - | — | — | 68 | 94,1[16] | 68 | 2,9[16] | 68 | 0,0[16] | 68 | 0,0[16] | 68 | 0,0[16] |
Darguines | Caucasique (Nord-Est) | 26 | 4,0[4] | 26 | 0,0[4] | 26 | 58,0[4] | 26 | 4,0[4] | — | — | 26 | 4,0[4] | 26 | 4,0[4] | 26 | 0,0[4] | 26 | 0,0[4] | 26 | 0,0[4] |
Dolganes | Altaique (Turc) | 67 | 1,5[39] | 67 | 16,4[39] | 67 | 1,5[39] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 67 | 34,3[39] | — | — | — | — |
Druzes (Arabes) | Afro-Asiatique (Sémitique) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 28 | 14,3[29] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Néerlandais | IE (Germanique, Ouest) | 27 | 70,4[6] | 27 | 3,7[6] | 30 | 26,7[10] | 84 | 8,0[25] | — | — | 34 | 0[15] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Égyptiens | Afro-Asiatique (Sémitique) | 92 | 5,4[42] | 92 | 0,0[42] | 92 | 1,1[42] | 92 | 43,5[42] | 92 | 3,3[42] | 92 | 22,8[42] | 92 | 2,2[42] | 92 | 0,0[42] | 92 | 7,6[42] | 92 | 0,0[42] |
Égyptiens (Nord) | Afro-Asiatique (Sémitique)
) |
43 | 9,3[43] | 43 | 2,3[43] | 43 | 0,0[43] | 43 | 53,5[43] | — | — | 44 | 18,2[17] | 43 | 7,0[43] | — | — | 43 | 2,3[43] | 43 | 0,0[43] |
Égyptiens (Sud) | Afro-Asiatique (Sémitique) | 29 | 13,8[43] | 29 | 0,0[43] | 29 | 3,4[43] | 29 | 31,0[43] | — | — | 29 | 24,1[17] | 29 | 17,2[43] | — | — | 29 | 10,3[43] | 29 | 0,0[43] |
Anglais (Centre) | IE (Germanique, Ouest) | 215 | 61,9[44] | 215 | 3,3[44] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Estoniens | Ouralique (Finnois) | 207 | 9,0[25] | 118 | 37,3[45] | 210 | 18,6[10] | 207 | 3,0[25] | — | — | 207 | 1,0[25] | — | — | 207 | 40,6[25] | — | — | — | — |
Finnois | Ouralique (Finnois) | 57 | 2,0[25] | 57 | 10,5[25] | — | — | 57 | 2,0[25] | — | — | — | — | — | — | 57 | 63,2[25] | — | — | — | — |
Finnois | Ouralique (Finnois) | 38 | 0,0[39] | 38 | 7,9[39] | 38 | 28,9[39] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 38 | 63,2[39] | — | — | — | — |
Français | IE (Italique) | 23 | 52,2[6] | 23 | 0[6] | 23 | 17,4[10] | 40 | 8,0[25] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Frisons | IE (Germanique, Ouest) | 94 | 0[46] | 94 | 0[46] | 94 | 100[46] | 94 | 0[46] | — | — | 94 | 0[46] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Frisons | IE (Germanique, Ouest) | 94 | 0[47] | 94 | 0[47] | 94 | 100[47] | 94 | 0[47] | — | — | 94 | 0[47] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Foulbé (Guinée-Bissau) | Langues nigéro–congolaises (Langues atlantiques) | 59 | 1,7[33] | 59 | 0,0[33] | 59 | 0,0[33] | 59 | 13,6[33] | 59 | 74,6[33] | 59 | 0,0[33] | 59 | 0,0[33] | 59 | 0,0[33] | 59 | 0,0[33] | 59 | 0,0[33] |
Fours | Langues nilo-saharienne (Four) | 32 | 0,0[23] | 32 | 0,0[23] | 32 | 0,0[23] | 32 | 59,4[23] | 32 | 0,0[23] | 32 | 6,3[23] | 32 | 0,0[23] | 32 | 0,0[23] | 32 | 0,0[23] | 32 | 0,0[23] |
Gagaouzes (Kongaz) | Altaique (Turc) | 48 | 10,4[48] | 48 | 12,5[48] | 48 | 31,3[48] | 48 | 16,7[48] | — | — | 48 | 8,3[48] | 48 | 10,4[48] | 48 | 4,2[48] | 48 | 6,3[48] | — | — |
Gagaouzes(Etulia) | Altaique (Turc) | 41 | 14,6[48] | 41 | 26,8[48] | 41 | 24,4[48] | 41 | 9,8[48] | — | — | 41 | 7,3[48] | 41 | 17,1[48] | 41 | 0,0[48] | 41 | 0,0[48] | — | — |
Allemands | IE (Germanique, Ouest) | 48 | 47,9[6],[35] | 48 | 8,1[6],[35] | 16 | 37,5[10] | 16 | 6,2[6] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Géorgiens | Caucasique (Sud) | 63 | 14,3[6] | 63 | 7,9[6] | 63 | 0,0[6] | 64 | 2,0[25] | — | — | 63 | 36,5[6] | 63 | 30,1[6] | — | — | 63 | 1,6[6] | 63 | 1,6[6] |
Géorgiens | Caucasique (Sud) | 66 | 9,1[9] | 66 | 10,6[9] | 66 | 1,5[9] | 66 | 3,0[9] | 66 | 0,0[9] | 66 | 36,4[9] | 66 | 31,8[9] | 66 | 0,0[9] | 66 | 1,5[9] | 66 | 1,5[9] |
Grecs | IE (Grec) | 77 | 11,7[37] | 77 | 15,6[37] | 77 | 19,5[37] | 77 | 20,8[37] | — | — | 77 | 16,9[37] | 77 | 9,1[37] | 77 | 0,0[37] | 77 | 2,6[37] | — | — |
Grecs | IE (Grec) | 118 | 22,8[6],[35] | 118 | 8,3[6],[35] | 261 | 13,8[10] | 84 | 23,8[15] | — | — | 92 | 6,5[15] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Grecs | IE (Grec) | 171 | 13,5[49] | 171 | 11,1 | 171 | 15,8 | 171 | 31,6 | — | — | 171 | 19,9 | 171 | 4,7 | — | — | 171 | 1,8 | — | — |
Grecs (Crète) | IE (Grec) | 193 | 17,0[49] | 193 | 8,8 | 193 | 13,0 | 193 | 8,8 | — | — | 193 | 38,9 | 193 | 10,9 | — | — | 193 | 2,1 | — | — |
Grecs (Péloponnèse) | IE (Greck) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 36 | 47[15] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Grecs (Thrace) | IE (Grec) | 41 | 12,2[8] | 41 | 22,0[8] | 41 | 19,5[8] | 41 | 19,5[8] | 41 | 0,0[8] | 41 | 19,5[8] | 41 | 4,9[8] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Grecs (Nord) | IE (Grec) | 96 | 14,6[43] | 96 | 18,8[43] | 96 | 12,5[43] | 96 | 35,4[43] | — | — | — | — | 96 | 5,2[43] | — | — | 96 | 2,1[43] | 96 | 1,0[43] |
Grecs (Sud) | IE (Grec) | 46 | 19,6[43] | 46 | 2,2[43] | 46 | 23,9[43] | 46 | 43,5[43] | — | — | — | — | 46 | 6,5[43] | — | — | 46 | 2,2[43] | 46 | 0,0[43] |
Haoussas (Soudan) | Afro-Asiatique (Tchadique) | 32 | 40,6[23] | 32 | 0,0[23] | 32 | 0,0[23] | 32 | 3,1[23] | 32 | 12,5[23] | 32 | 0,0[23] | 32 | 0,0[23] | 32 | 0,0[23] | 32 | 0,0[23] | 32 | 0,0[23] |
Héréros | Langues nigéro–congolaises (Bantou, Central) | 24 | 12,5[42] | 24 | 4,2[42] | 24 | 4,2[42] | 24 | 0,0[42] | 24 | 70,8[42] | 24 | 4,2[42] | 24 | 0,0[42] | 24 | 0,0[42] | 24 | 0,0[42] | 24 | 0,0[42] |
Herzegovine | IE (Slavique, Sud) | 141 | 3,6[7] | 141 | 12,1[7] | 141 | 63,8[7] | 141 | 8,5[7] | — | — | 141 | 0,7[7] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Hui (Ningxia) | Langues sino-tibétaines (Langues chinoises) | 54 | 3,7[50] | 54 | 11,1[50] | — | — | 54 | 0,0[50] | 54 | 0,0[50] | 54 | 9,3[50] | — | — | 54 | 1,9[50] | 54 | 0,0[50] | 54 | 1,9[50] |
Hongrois | Langues ouraliennes Langues finno-ougriennes | 45 | 0[6] | 113 | 0[39] | 162 | 75,5[10] | 53 | 0,4[15] | — | — | 49 | 0[15] | 103 | 0[51] | 103 | 1,0 | — | — | — | — |
Islandais | IE (Germanique, Nord) | 181 | 0[35] | 181 | 0[35] | 181 | 100[35] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Ingouches | Caucasique (Nord-Est) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 27 | 5,0[4] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Iraniens (Nord Iran) | IE (langues iraniennes, Ouest) | 33 | 15,2[52] | 33 | 6,1[52] | 33 | 0,0[52] | 33 | 0,0[52] | 33 | 0,0[52] | 33 | 33,3[52] | 33 | 15,2[52] | 33 | 6,1[52] | 33 | 0,0[52] | 33 | 3,0[52] |
Iraniens (Sud Iran) | IE (langues iraniennes, Ouest) | 117 | 6,0[52] | 117 | 16,2[52] | 117 | 0,0[52] | 117 | 5,1[52] | 117 | 1,7[52] | 117 | 35,0[52] | 117 | 12,8[52] | 117 | 0,9[52] | 117 | 3,4[52] | 117 | 6,0[52] |
Irlandais | IE (Celtique) | 222 | 0[35] | 222 | 0[35] | — | 84,0 | 257 | 0[25] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Italiens | IE (Italique) | 50 | 62,0[38] | 332 | 2,7[35] | 50 | 8,0[38] | 99 | 13,0[25] | — | — | — | — | 50 | 10,0[38] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Italiens (Calabre) | IE (Italique) | 37 | 32,4[6] | — | — | 148 | 5,4[10] | 80 | 16,3[7] | — | — | 57 | 1,8[15] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Italiens (Apulie | IE (Italique) | — | — | — | — | 78 | 2,6[10] | 86 | 13,9[15] | — | — | 86 | 31,4[15] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Italiens (Sardaigne) | IE (Italique) | 77 | 22,1[6] | — | — | 142 | 42,3[10] | 139 | 5,0[15] | — | — | 144 | 12,5[15] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Italiens (Nord Sardaigne) | IE (Italique) | 86 | 20,0[43] | 86 | 0,0[43] | 86 | 28,0[43] | 86 | 13,0[43] | — | — | — | — | 86 | 21,0[43] | — | — | 86 | 0,0[43] | 86 | 0,0[43] |
Italiens (Sud Sardaigne) | IE (Italique) | 187 | 19,0[43] | 187 | 1,0[43] | 187 | 35,0[43] | 187 | 11,0[43] | — | — | — | — | 187 | 14,0[43] | — | — | 187 | 0,0[43] | 187 | 0,0[43] |
Italiens (Centre Nord) | IE (Italique) | 50 | 62,0[6] | — | — | 390 | 0,5[10] | 212 | 10,4[7] | — | — | 52 | 26,9[15] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Italiens (Sud) | IE (Italique) | 68 | 20,0[43] | 68 | 3,0[43] | 68 | 6,0[43] | 68 | 26,0[43] | — | — | — | — | 68 | 15,0[43] | — | — | 68 | 3,0[43] | 68 | 0,0[43] |
Italiens (Sicile) | IE (Italique) | — | — | — | — | 51 | 8,8 | 55 | 27,3[15] | — | — | 42 | 23,8[15] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Italiens (Est Sicile) | IE (Italique) | 87 | 20,0[43] | 87 | 2,3[43] | 87 | 5,0[43] | 87 | 29,0[43] | — | — | — | — | 87 | 5,0[43] | — | — | 87 | 5,0[43] | 87 | 0,0[43] |
Italiens (Ouest Sicile) | IE (Italique) | 125 | 27,0[43] | 125 | 2,4[43] | 125 | 11,0[43] | 125 | 19,0[43] | — | — | — | — | 125 | 13,0[43] | — | — | 125 | 3,0[43] | 125 | 0,0[43] |
Iyengar | Dravidien (Sud) | 30 | 0,0[13] | 30 | 30,0[13] | 30 | 0,0[13] | 30 | 0,0[13] | 30 | 0,0[13] | 30 | 20,0[13] | 30 | 13,3[13] | 30 | 0,0[13] | 30 | 0,0[13] | 30 | 16,7[13] |
Iyer | Dravidien (Sud) | 29 | 0,0[13] | 29 | 27,6[13] | 29 | 0,0[13] | 29 | 0,0[13] | 29 | 0,0[13] | 29 | 17,2[13] | 29 | 10,3[13] | 29 | 0,0[13] | 29 | 0,0[13] | 29 | 17,2[13] |
Kabardes | Caucasique (Nord-Ouest) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 29,0[4] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Kalash (Pakistan) | IE (langues dardiques) | — | — | 44 | 18,2[37] | 44 | 0,0[37] | 44 | 0,0[37] | — | — | 44 | 9,1[37] | 44 | 18,2[37] | 44 | 0,0[37] | 44 | 0,0[37] | 44 | 25,0[37] |
Karakalpaks | Altaique (Turc) | 44 | 9,1[53] | 44 | 18,2[53] | 44 | 0,0[53] | 44 | 0,0[53] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 44 | 4,5[53] |
Kazakhs | Altaique (Turc) | 54 | 5,6[53] | 54 | 3,7[53] | 54 | 0,0[53] | 54 | 0,0[53] | — | — | 38 | 0,0 | — | — | 54 | 1,9[53] | 54 | 0,0[53] | — | — |
Khantys | Ouralique (langues finno-ougriennes) | 47 | 19,1[39] | 47 | 4,3[39] | 47 | 0,0[39] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 47 | 76,6[39] | — | — | — | — |
Komis | Ouralique (langues finno-ougriennes) | 94 | 16,0[39] | 94 | 33,0 | 94 | 5,3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 94 | 35,1 | — | — | — | — |
Komis (Izhemsky) | Ouralique (langues finno-ougriennes) | 54 | 0,0[54] | 54 | 29,6[54] | 54 | 1,9[54] | 54 | 0,0[54] | 54 | 0,0[54] | 54 | 0,0[54] | 54 | 0,0[54] | 54 | 68,5[54] | 54 | 0,0[54] | 54 | 0,0[54] |
Komis (Priluzsky) | Ouralique (langues finno-ougriennes) | 49 | 2,0[54] | 49 | 32,7[54] | 49 | 4,1[54] | 49 | 0,0[54] | 49 | 0,0[54] | 49 | 0,0[54] | 49 | 0,0[54] | 49 | 61,2[54] | 49 | 0,0[54] | 49 | 0,0[54] |
Koumyks | Altaique (Turc) | 76 | 19,7[16] | 76 | 13,2[16] | 76 | 0,0[16] | 76 | 2,6[16] | — | — | 76 | 46,1[16] | 76 | 11,8[16] | 76 | 0,0[16] | 76 | 1,3[16] | 76 | 0,0[16] |
Kurdes musulmans (Nord Irak) | IE (langues iraniennes, NO) | 95 | 16,8[19] | 95 | 11,6[19] | 95 | 16,8[19] | 95 | 7,4[19] | - | — | 95 | 40,0[19] | — | — | — | — | 95 | 4,2[19] | 95 | 3,2[19] |
Kurdes (Turquie) | IE (langues iraniennes, NO) | — | 8,0[55] | — | 19,5[55] | — | 25,0[55] | — | 2,5[55] | — | — | — | 7,0[55] | — | 12,5[55] | — | — | — | 6,5[55] | — | — |
Kirghizes | Altaique (Turc) | 52 | 1,9[53] | 52 | 63,5[53] | 52 | 1,9[53] | 52 | 0,0[53] | — | — | 41 | 4,9 | — | — | 41 | 2,4 | — | — | 52 | 0,0[53] |
Lezguiens | Caucasique (Nord-Est) | 31 | 16,1[16] | 31 | 0,0[16] | 31 | 9,7[16] | 31 | 6,5[16] | — | — | 31 | 58,1[16] | 31 | 9,7[16] | 31 | 0,0[16] | 31 | 0,0[16] | 31 | 0,0[16] |
Lituaniens | IE (Baltique) | 38 | 0[25] | 114 | 0[45] | — | 41,9 | 114 | 0[45] | — | — | — | — | — | — | 114 | 43,0[45] | — | — | — | — |
Lettons | IE (Baltique) | 34 | 0[25] | 114 | 0[25] | 86 | 62,4[10] | 114 | 0[45] | — | — | — | — | — | — | 114 | 42,1[45] | — | — | — | — |
Macédoniens (M. ethniques) | IE (Slave, Sud) | 79 | 5,1[7] | 79 | 15,2[7] | 79 | 34,2[7] | 79 | 24,1[7] | — | — | 79 | 12,7[6],[7],[15] | 79 | 5,1[7] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Macédoniens (M. ethniques) (Skopje) | IE (Slave, Sud) | 52 | 13,5[8] | 52 | 13,5[8] | 52 | 28,8[8] | 52 | 23,1[8] | — | — | 52 | 11,5[8] | 52 | 3,8[8] | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Roms macédonien | IE (Indo-aryen) | 57 | 1,8[7] | 57 | 1,8[7] | 57 | 3,5[7] | 57 | 29,8[7] | — | — | 57 | 1,8[7] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Maltais | Afro-Asiatique (Sémitique) | 187 | 22,0[43] | 187 | 5,0[43] | 187 | 9,0[43] | 187 | 6,0[43] | — | — | — | — | 187 | 9,0[43] | — | — | 187 | 0,0[43] | 187 | 0,0[43] |
Mandingues (Guinée-Bissau) | Niger–Congo (Mandé) | 45 | 0,0[33] | 45 | 0,0[33] | 45 | 0,0[33] | 45 | 4,4[33] | 45 | 86,7[33] | 45 | 0,0[33] | 45 | 0,0[33] | 45 | 0,0[33] | 45 | 0,0[33] | 45 | 0,0[33] |
Marathes | IE (Indo-aryen) | 20 | 0,0[13] | 20 | 10,0[13] | — | — | 20 | 0,0[13] | 20 | 0,0[13] | 20 | 15,0[13] | — | — | — | — | — | — | 20 | 15,0[13] |
Moldaves (Karahasani) | IE (Italique) | 72 | 16,7[48] | 72 | 34,7[48] | 72 | 25,0[48] | 72 | 12,5[48] | — | — | 72 | 9,7[48] | 72 | 0,0[48] | 72 | 1,4[48] | 72 | 0,0[48] | — | — |
Moldaves (Sofia) | IE (Italique) | 54 | 16,7[48] | 54 | 20,4[48] | 54 | 35,2[48] | 54 | 13,0[48] | — | — | 54 | 5,6[48] | 54 | 1,9[48] | 54 | 3,7[48] | 54 | 1,9[48] | — | — |
Erzya | Ouralien (Finno-ougrien) | — | — | 46 | 39,1[36] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Mokcha | Ouralien (Finno-ougrien) | — | — | 46 | 21,7[36] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Mokcha | Ouralien (Finno-ougrien) | 83 | 13,3[39] | 83 | 26,5 | 83 | 19,3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 83 | 19,3 | — | — | — | — |
Maris | Ouralien (Finno-ougrien) | 111 | 2,7[39] | 111 | 47,7 | 111 | 8,1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 111 | 41,4 | — | — | — | — |
Maris | Ouralien (Finno-ougrien) | 48 | 10,4[25] | 48 | 29,2 | — | — | 48 | 0,0 | — | — | 48 | 6,3 | — | — | 48 | 50,0 | — | — | — | — |
Masalit (Soudan) | Nilo-Saharien (Masalit) | 32 | 0,0[23] | 32 | 0,0[23] | 32 | 0,0[23] | 32 | 71,9[23] | 32 | 0,0[23] | 32 | 6,3[23] | 32 | 0,0[23] | 32 | 0,0[23] | 32 | 0,0[23] | 32 | 0,0[23] |
Mongols | Altaique (Mongol) | — | — | 65 | 9,2[56] | 149 | 0,0[57] | — | — | — | — | 149 | 2,7[57] | 149 | 0,7[57] | 149 | 8,1[57] | 149 | 0,0[57] | 149 | 0,0[57] |
Norvégiens | IE (Germanique, Nord) | 112 | 25,9[35] | 112 | 17,9[35] | 72 | 40,3[10] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Norvégiens | IE (Germanique, Nord) | — | — | 52 | 30,8[25] | — | — | 52 | 1,9[25] | — | — | 52 | 1,9[25] | — | — | 52 | 3,8[25] | 52 | 0,0[25] | 52 | 0,0[25] |
Nubiens (Soudan) | Nilo-Saharien (Est Soudanais) | 39 | 10,3[23] | 39 | 0,0[23] | 39 | 5,1[23] | 39 | 23,1[23] | 39 | 0,0[23] | 39 | 43,6[23] | — | — | 39 | 0,0[23] | 39 | 0,0[23] | 39 | 0,0[23] |
Orcadiens | IE (Germanique, West) | 71 | 66,0[46] | 71 | 19,7[46] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Oromos | Afro-Asiatique (Couchitique) | 78 | 0,0[14] | 78 | 0,0[14] | 78 | 0,0[14] | 78 | 79,5[14] | — | — | 78 | 3,8[14] | 78 | 0,0[14] | 78 | 0,0[14] | 78 | 5,1[14] | 78 | 0,0[14] |
Ossètes | IE (Iranien, NE) | 47 | 42,6[25] | 47 | 2,1[25] | — | — | 47 | 6,0[25] | — | — | 47 | 34,0[25] | 60,0[58] | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
Pallan | Dravidien (Sud) | 29 | 3,4[13] | 29 | 24,1[13] | 29 | 0,0[13] | 29 | 0,0[13] | 29 | 0,0[13] | 29 | 13,8[13] | 29 | 0,0[13] | 29 | 0,0[13] | 29 | 0,0[13] | 29 | 17,2[13] |
Pashtouns | IE (Iranien, SE) | 96 | 4,2[37] | 96 | 44,8[37] | 96 | 0,0[37] | 96 | 2,1[37] | — | — | 96 | 6,3[37] | 96 | 11,5[37] | 96 | 0,0[37] | 96 | 1,0[37] | 96 | 12,5[37] |
Polonais | IE (Slave, West) | 55 | 16,4[6] | 55 | 56,4[6] | 191 | 17,8[10] | 99 | 4,0[15] | — | — | 97 | 1,0[15] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Polonais | IE (Slave, West) | 93 | 13,4[39] | 93 | 55,9[39] | 93 | 16,1[39] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 93 | 3,2[39] | — | — | — | — |
Portugais | IE (Italique) | — | — | — | — | 303 | 5,3[10] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Portugais (Sud) | IE (Italique) | 57 | 56,0[25] | 57 | 2,0[25] | — | — | 57 | 17,0[25] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Portugais (Nord) | IE (Italique) | 328 | 62,0[25] | 328 | 0[25] | — | — | 328 | 11,0[25] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Rajpouts | IE (Indo-aryen) | 29 | 0,0[13] | 29 | 31,0[13] | — | — | 29 | 0,0[13] | 29 | 0,0[13] | 29 | 17,2[13] | — | — | — | — | — | — | 29 | 6,9[13] |
Roumains | IE (Italique) | 54 | 13,0[48] | 54 | 20,4[48] | 54 | 48,1[48] | 54 | 7,4[48] | — | — | 54 | 5,6[48] | 54 | 5,6[48] | 54 | 0,0[48] | 54 | 0,0[48] | — | — |
Roumains | IE (Italique) | — | — | — | — | 361 | 22,2[10] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Roumains (Constanța) | IE (Italique) | 31 | 16,1[8] | 31 | 9,7[8] | 31 | 41,9[8] | 31 | 9,7[8] | 31 | 0,0[8] | 31 | 6,5[8] | 31 | 12,9[8] | 31 | 0,0[8] | 31 | 0,0[8] | 31 | 0,0[8] |
Roumains (Ploiești) | IE (Italique) | 36 | 8,3[8] | 36 | 5,6[8] | 36 | 38,9[8] | 36 | 16,7[8] | 36 | 0,0[8] | 36 | 19,4[8] | 36 | 8,3[8] | 36 | 0,0[8] | 36 | 0,0[8] | 36 | 0,0[8] |
Russes | IE (Slave, Est) | 122 | 6,6[25] | 122 | 46,7[25] | — | — | 122 | 6,6[25] | — | — | 122 | 4,1[25] | — | — | 122 | 18,0[25] | — | — | — | — |
Russes | IE (Slave, Est) | 61 | 21,3[39] | 61 | 42,6[39] | 61 | 13,1[39] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 61 | 16,4[39] | — | — | — | — |
Russes (Nord, Oblast d'Arkhangelsk, Pinega) | IE (Slave, Est) | 114 | 14,0[59] | 114 | 40,0[59] | 114 | 5,3[59] | 114 | 0,0[59] | 114 | 0,0[59] | 114 | 0,9[59] | 114 | 1,3[59] | 114 | 39,3[59] | 114 | 0,0[59] | 114 | 0,0[59] |
Russes (Centre) | IE (Slave, Est) | 364 | 7,7[59] | 364 | 47,0[59] | 364 | 16,5[59] | 364 | 5,2[59] | 364 | 0,0[59] | 364 | 3,3[59] | 364 | 0,0[59] | 364 | 16,0[59] | 364 | 0,8[59] | — | — |
Russes (Sud) | IE (Slave, Est) | 484 | 4,8[59] | 484 | 56,9[59] | 484 | 21,0[59] | 484 | 1,8[59] | 484 | 0,0[59] | 484 | 3,5[59] | 484 | 1,0[59] | 484 | 10,0[59] | — | — | — | — |
Russes (Adyguée) | IE (Slave, Est) | — | — | — | — | 78 | 24,4[10] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Russes (Bachkirie) | IE (Slave, Est) | — | — | — | — | 50 | 6,0[10] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Russes (Oblast de Belgorod) | IE (Slave, Est) | 143 | 2,8[60] | 143 | 59,4[60] | 144 | 16,7[10] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Russes (Cosaques) | IE (Slave, Est) | — | — | — | — | 97 | 22,7[10] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Russes (Oblast de Kostroma) | IE (Slave, Est) | — | — | — | — | 53 | 18,9[10] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Russes (Oblast de Smolensk) | IE (Slave, Est) | — | — | — | — | 120 | 10,8[10] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Samis (Suède) | Ouralique (Finno-ougrien) | 38 | 7,9[61] | 38 | 15,8[61] | 38 | 31,6[61] | 38 | 0,0[61] | 38 | 0,0[61] | 38 | 0,0[61] | 38 | 0,0[61] | 38 | 44,7[61] | 38 | 0,0[61] | 38 | 0,0[61] |
Samis | Ouralique (Finno-ougrien) | 127 | 3,9[39] | 127 | 11,0[39] | 35 | 31,4[10] | — | — | — | — | 14[62] | — | — | — | 127 | 47,2[39] | — | — | — | — |
Saharaoui (Maroc) | Afro-Asiatique (Semitique) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 29 | 79,3[15] | 29 | 3,4[15] | 29 | 17,2[15] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Écossais | IE (Celtique) | 61 | 77,1[35] | 61 | 6,6[35] | 178 | 11,2[10] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Serbes | IE (Slave, Sud) | 113 | 10,6[7] | 113 | 15,9[7] | 113 | 36,3[7] | 113 | 21,2[7] | — | — | 113 | 8[7] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Serbes (Bosnie) | IE (Slave, Sud) | 81 | 6,2[9] | 81 | 13,6[9] | 81 | 40,7[9] | 81 | 22,2[9] | 81 | 0,0[9] | 81 | 9,9[9] | 81 | 1,2[9] | 81 | 6,2[9] | 81 | 0,0[9] | 81 | 0,0[9] |
Slovènes | IE (Slave, Sud) | 75 | 21,3[9] | 75 | 38,7[9] | 75 | 30,7[9] | 75 | 2,7[9] | 75 | 0,0[9] | 75 | 4,0[9] | 75 | 2,7[9] | 75 | 0,0[9] | 75 | 0,0[9] | 75 | 0,0[9] |
Slovènes | IE (Slave, Sud) | — | — | 70 | 37,1[25] | — | — | 70 | 7,1[25] | — | — | 70 | 5,7[25] | — | — | 70 | 0,0[25] | 70 | 0,0[25] | 70 | 0,0[25] |
Slovènes | IE (Slave, Sud) | — | — | — | — | 55 | 38,2[10] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Somalis | Afro-Asiatique (Couchitique) | 201 | 0,0[63] | 201 | 1,0[63] | 201 | 0,0[63] | 201 | 81,1[63] | 201 | 1,5[63] | 201 | 3,0[63] | 201 | 0,5[63] | 201 | 0,0[63] | 201 | 10,4[63] | 201 | 0,0[63] |
Espagnols | IE (Italique) | 126 | 68,0[25] | 126 | 2,0[25] | — | — | 126 | 10,0[25] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Espagnols (Ibiza) | IE (Italique) | 54 | 57,4[43] | 54 | 0,0[43] | 54 | 1,9[43] | 54 | 7,4[43] | — | — | — | — | 54 | 13,0[43] | — | — | 54 | 16,7[43] | 54 | 0,0[43] |
Espagnols (Majorque) | IE (Italique) | 62 | 66,1[43] | 62 | 0,0[43] | 62 | 8,1[43] | 62 | 6,2[43] | — | — | — | — | 62 | 6,2[43] | — | — | 62 | 1,6[43] | 62 | 0,0[43] |
Espagnols (Minorque) | IE (Italique) | 37 | 73,0[43] | 37 | 2,7[43] | 37 | 2,7[43] | 37 | 18,9[43] | — | — | — | — | 37 | 0,0[43] | — | — | 37 | 0,0[43] | 37 | 0,0[43] |
Espagnols (Sud) | IE (Italique) | 162 | 65,0[43] | 162 | 2,0[43] | 162 | 6,0[43] | 162 | 9,0[43] | — | — | — | — | 162 | 4,0[43] | — | — | 162 | 0,0[43] | 162 | 0,0[43] |
Espagnols (Valence) | IE (Italique) | 73 | 64,0[43] | 73 | 3,0[43] | 73 | 10,0[43] | 73 | 11,0[43] | — | — | — | — | 73 | 1,0[43] | — | — | 73 | 1,0[43] | 73 | 0,0[43] |
Suédois (Nord) | IE (Germanique, Nord) | 48 | 0[25] | 48 | 0 | 57 | 89,6 | 48 | 0[25] | — | — | 48 | 0[25] | — | — | 48 | 10,4[25] | — | — | — | — |
Suédois | IE (Germanique, Nord) | 110 | 0 | 110 | 0[35] | 225 | 95,8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Suédois | IE (Germanique, Nord) | 160 | 0[64] | 160 | 0[64] | 160 | 94,7[64] | 160 | 0[64] | — | — | 160 | 0,0[64] | — | — | 160 | 5,3[64] | — | — | — | — |
Suisses | IE (Germain/Italique) | — | — | — | — | 144 | 7,6[10] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Tabassarans | Caucasique (Nord-Est) | 43 | 39,5[16] | 43 | 2,3[16] | 43 | 0,0[16] | 43 | 0,0[16] | — | — | 43 | 51,2[16] | 43 | 0,0[16] | 43 | 0,0[16] | 43 | 0,0[16] | 43 | 0,0[16] |
Tatars | Altaique (Turc) | 126 | 8,7[39] | 126 | 34,1[39] | 126 | 4,0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 126 | 23,0 | — | — | — | — |
Turkmènes | Altaique (Turc) | 30 | 36,7[53] | 30 | 6,7[53] | 30 | 0,0[53] | 30 | 0,0[53] | — | — | 21 | 23,8 | — | — | 21 | 9,5 | — | — | 30 | 0,0[53] |
Turcs | Altaique (Turc) | 523 | 16,1[65] | 523 | 6,9[65] | 741 | 5,1[10] | 523 | 11,3[65] | — | — | 523 | 33,5[65] | 523 | 10,9[65] | 523 | 3,8[65] | 523 | 2,5[65] | 523 | 4,2[65] |
Turcs | Altaique (Turc) | 167 | 20,4[25] | 167 | 4,8[25] | — | — | 167 | 10,2[25] | — | — | 167 | 32,9[25] | — | — | 167 | 2,4[25] | — | — | — | — |
Turcs | Altaique (Turc) | 59 | 20,3[63] | 59 | 11,9[63] | 59 | 6,8[63] | 59 | 13,6[63] | — | — | 59 | 30,5[63] | 59 | 8,5[63] | — | — | 59 | 1,7[63] | 59 | 0,0[63] |
Turcs (Anatolie Centrale) | Altaique (Turc) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 61 | 6,6[7] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Turcs (Istanbul) | Altaique (Turc) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 46 | 13,0[15] | — | — | 73 | 24,7[15] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Turcs (Konya) | Altaique (Turc) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 117 | 14,5[15] | — | — | 129 | 31,8[15] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Turcs (Chypriotes) | Altaique (Turc) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 46 | 13,0[29] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Turcs (Sud-Est) | Altaique (Turc) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 24 | 4,2[29] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Turcs (Erzurum) | Altaique (Turc) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 25 | 4,0[29] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Oudmourtes | Ouralique (Finno-ougrien) | 87 | 2,3[39] | 87 | 10,3[39] | 87 | 1,1[39] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 87 | 85,1[39] | — | — | — | — |
Ukrainiens | IE (Slave, Est) | 50 | 2,0[6] | 50 | 54,0[6] | 50 | 18,0[6] | 50 | 4,0[6] | — | — | 50 | 6,0[6] | 50 | 4,0[6] | 50 | 6,0[6] | 50 | 2,0[6] | 50 | 0,0[6] |
Ukrainiens | IE (Slave, Est) | 53 | 18,9[48] | 53 | 41,5[48] | 53 | 24,5[48] | 93 | 7,5[7] | — | — | 53 | 9,4[48] | 53 | 0,0[48] | 53 | 5,7[48] | 53 | 0,0[48] | — | — |
Ouighours (Kazakhstan) | Altaique (Turc) | 41 | 0,0[53] | 41 | 22,0[53] | 41 | 2,4[53] | 41 | 0,0[53] | 41 | 0,0[53] | 33 | 27,3[66] | — | — | 41 | 2,4[53] | 41 | 0,0[53] | 41 | 2,4[53] |
Ouighours (Xingjang) | Altaique (Turc) | 68 | 17,6[50] | 68 | 22,1[50] | 68 | 0,0[50] | 68 | 0,0[50] | 68 | 0,0[50] | 68 | 10,3[50] | 68 | 4,4[50] | 67 | 6,0[57] | 67 | 0,0[57] | 68 | 4,4[50] |
Ouighours (Urumqi) | Altaique (Turc) | 49 | 8,2[67] | 49 | 28,6[67] | — | — | 49 | 0,0[67] | 49 | 0,0[67] | 49 | 18,4[67] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Ouighours (Urumqi) | Altaique (Turc) | 31 | 19,4[56] | 31 | 22,6[56] | — | — | 31 | 6,5[56] | — | — | 31 | 25,8[56] | — | — | 31 | 9,7[56] | 31 | 0,0[56] | 31 | 0,0[56] |
Ouighours (Yili) | Altaique (Turc) | 39 | 15,4[56] | 39 | 15,4[56] | — | — | 39 | 0,0[56] | — | — | 39 | 0,0[56] | — | — | 39 | 7,7[56] | — | — | — | — |
Ouzbeks | Altaique (Turc) | 366 | 9,8[53] | 366 | 25,1[53] | 366 | 2,2[53] | 366 | 2,5[53] | — | — | 28 | 21,4[66] | — | — | 28 | 0,0[66] | — | — | 366 | 3,0[53] |
Vanniyar | Dravidien (Sud) | 25 | 0,0[13] | 25 | 8,0[13] | — | — | 25 | 0,0[13] | 25 | 0,0[13] | 25 | 16,0[13] | — | — | — | — | — | — | 25 | 20,0[13] |
Vellalar | Dravidien (Sud) | 31 | 0,0[13] | 31 | 12,9[13] | 31 | 0,0[13] | 31 | 0,0[13] | 31 | 0,0[13] | 31 | 38,7[13] | 31 | 0,0[13] | 31 | 0,0[13] | 31 | 0,0[13] | 31 | 16,1[13] |
Gallois (Anglesey) | IE (Celtique) | 88 | 89,0[46] | 88 | 1,0[46] | 196 | 8,1[10] | 88 | 3,0[46] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Yaghnobis | IE (Iranien, NE) | 31 | 32,3[53] | 31 | 16,1[53] | 31 | 0,0[53] | 31 | 0,0[53] | — | — | 31 | 32,3[53] | 31 | 0,0[53] | — | — | — | — | 31 | 9,7[53] |
Yakoutes | Altaique (Turc) | 155 | 1,9[39] | 155 | 1,9[39] | 155 | 1,3[39] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 155 | 88,4[39] | — | — | — | — |
Yakoutes | Altaique (Turc) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 10 | 80,0[11] | — | — | — | — |
Yoroubas | Niger–Congo (Bantou, Ouest) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 28 | 93,1[42] | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Voir aussi
Références
- IE = Indo-European
- First column gives the amount of total Sample Size studied
- Second column gives the Percentage of the particular haplogroup among the Sample Size
- Nasidze et al., (2004)Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Variation in the Caucasus
- Although the chart here says J, this group has mainly only J2
- (en) A Semino, « The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic *** sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective », Science, vol. 290, no 5494, , p. 1155–9 (PMID 11073453, DOI 10.1126/science.290.5494.1155, lire en ligne [PDF]).
- (en) M Pericic, « High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of southeastern Europe traces major episodes of paternal gene flow among Slavic populations », Mol. Biol. Evol., vol. 22, no 10, , p. 1964–75 (PMID 15944443, DOI 10.1093/molbev/msi185, lire en ligne) Haplogroup frequency data in table 1
- E. Bosch, F. Calafell, A. González-Neira, C Flaiz, E Mateu, HG Scheil, W Huckenbeck, L Efremovska et I Mikerezi, « Paternal and maternal lineages in the Balkans show a homogeneous landscape over linguistic barriers, except for the isolated Aromuns », Annals of Human Genetics, vol. 70, no Pt 4, , p. 459–87 (PMID 16759179, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2005.00251.x).
- (en) Vincenza Battaglia, Simona Fornarino, Nadia Al-Zahery, Anna Olivieri, Maria Pala, Natalie M Myres, Roy J King, Siiri Rootsi et Damir Marjanovic, « Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe », European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 17, no 6, , p. 820–30 (PMID 19107149, PMCID 2947100, DOI 10.1038/ejhg.2008.249).
- Rootsi et al. (2004).
- Y-chromosome haplogroup N dispersals from south Siberia to Europe. Derenko et al.
- (en) VN Khar'kov, VA Stepanov, OF Medvedeva, MG Spiridonova, MI Voevoda, VN Tadinova et VP Puzyrev, « Gene pool differences between Northern and Southern Altaians inferred from the data on Y-chromosomal haplogroups », Genetika, vol. 43, no 5, , p. 675–87 (PMID 17633562).
- S Sengupta, LA Zhivotovsky, R King, SQ Mehdi, CA Edmonds, CE Chow, AA Lin, M Mitra et SK Sil, « Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists », American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 78, no 2, , p. 202–21 (PMID 16400607, PMCID 1380230, DOI 10.1086/499411).
- (en) O Semino, AS Santachiara-Benerecetti, F Falaschi, LL Cavalli-Sforza et PA Underhill, « Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the Human Y-Chromosome Phylogeny », American journal of human genetics, vol. 70, no 1, , p. 265–8 (PMID 11719903, PMCID 384897, DOI 10.1086/338306).
- « Semino et al. (2004). »(Archive.org • Wikiwix • Archive.is • Google • Que faire ?) (consulté le ).
- Yunusbaev 2006
- (en) B Arredi, ES Poloni, S Paracchini, T Zerjal, DM Fathallah, M Makrelouf, VL Pascali, A Novelletto et C Tyler-Smith, « A Predominantly Neolithic Origin for Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in North Africa », American journal of human genetics, vol. 75, no 2, , p. 338–45 (PMID 15202071, PMCID 1216069, DOI 10.1086/423147).
- Robino et al. (2008), Analysis of Y-chromosomal SNP haplogroups in an Algerian population sample
- (en) A Nebel, D Filon, B Brinkmann, PP Majumder, M Faerman et A Oppenheim, « The Y Chromosome Pool of Jews as Part of the Genetic Landscape of the Middle East », American journal of human genetics, vol. 69, no 5, , p. 1095–112 (PMID 11573163, PMCID 1274378, DOI 10.1086/324070, lire en ligne).
- (en) JR Luis, DJ Rowold, M Regueiro, B Caeiro, C Cinnioğlu, C Roseman, PA Underhill, LL Cavalli-Sforza et RJ Herrera, « The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations », American journal of human genetics, vol. 74, no 3, , p. 532–44 (PMID 14973781, PMCID 1182266, DOI 10.1086/382286, lire en ligne) (« Errata »(Archive.org • Wikiwix • Archive.is • Google • Que faire ?) (consulté le ))
- Alicia M Cadenas, Lev A Zhivotovsky, Luca L Cavalli-Sforza, PA Underhill et RJ Herrera, « Y-chromosome diversity characterizes the Gulf of Oman », European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 16, no 3, , p. 374–86 (PMID 17928816, DOI 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201934).
- (en) KK Abu-Amero, A Hellani, AM González, JM Larruga, VM Cabrera et PA Underhill, « Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions », BMC genetics, vol. 10, , p. 59 (PMID 19772609, PMCID 2759955, DOI 10.1186/1471-2156-10-59).
- 97/445, O. Hassan et al. (2008), Y-Chromosome Variation Among Sudanese: Restricted Gene Flow, Concordance With Language, Geography, and History, American journal of physical anthropology
- U.-D. Immela, M. Erhumab, T. Mustafac, M. Kleibera and M. Klintschara, "Population genetic analysis in a Libyan population using the PowerPlex 16 system, " International Congress Series Volume 1288, April 2006, Pages 421-423
- Rosser et al. (2000)
- Michael E. Weale, Levon Yepiskoposyan, Rolf F. Jager, Nelli Hovhannisyan, Armine Khudoyan, Oliver Burbage-Hall, Neil Bradman, Mark G. Thomas, "Armenian Y chromosome haplotypes reveal strong regional structure within a single ethno-national group, " Human Genetics (2001) 109 : 659–674.
- Doron M. Behar, Daniel Garrigan, Matthew E. Kaplan et al., "Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome variation in Ashkenazi Jewish and host non-Jewish European populations, " Human Genetics (2004) 114 : 354–365.
- Nasidze2001
- Cruciani et al. (2004), Phylogeographic Analysis of Haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals Multiple Migratory Events Within and Out Of Africa, Am J Hum Genet. 2004 May; 74(5): 1014–1022.
- Lobov. Y chromosome analysis in subpopulations of Bashkirs from Russia
- V. N. Kharkov, V. A. Stepanov, S. P. Feshchenko, S. A. Borinskaya, N. K. Yankovsky, and V. P. Puzyrev, "Frequencies of Y Chromosome Binary Haplogroups in Belarussians, " Russian Journal of Genetics, Vol. 41, No. 8, 2005, p. 928–931.
- Doron M. Behar, Mark G. Thomas, Karl Skorecki, Michael F. Hammer, Ekaterina Bulygina, Dror Rosengarten, Abigail L. Jones, Karen Held, Vivian Moses et al., « Multiple Origins of Ashkenazi Levites: Y Chromosome Evidence for Both Near Eastern and European Ancestries », American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 73, no 4, , p. 768–79 (PMID 13680527, PMCID 1180600, DOI 10.1086/378506).
- (en) Rosa Alexandra, Ornelas Carolina, Jobling Mark A, Brehm António, Villems Richard, « Y-chromosomal diversity in the population of Guinea-Bissau: a multiethnic perspective », BMC Evolutionary Biology, vol. 2007, no 7, , p. 124 (PMID 17662131, PMCID 1976131, DOI 10.1186/1471-2148-7-124).
- (en) Qamar Raheel et <Please add first missing authors to populate metadata.>, « Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in Pakistan », American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 70, nos 1107–1124, .
- Estimating Scandinavian and Gaelic Ancestry in the Male Settlers of Iceland - Agnar Helgason et al., 2000, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 67:697–717, 2000
- Malaspina et al. (2003).
- Sadaf Firasat, Shagufta Khaliq, Aisha Mohyuddin, Myrto Papaioannou, Chris Tyler-Smith, Peter A Underhill et Qasim Ayub, « Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan », European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 15, no 1, , p. 121–6 (PMID 17047675, PMCID 2588664, DOI 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201726).
- « http://www.ebc.ee/tymri00/PhD/2004/SRootsi_thesis.pdf »(Archive.org • Wikiwix • Archive.is • Google • Que faire ?) (consulté le )
- (en) Kristiina "Tambets, « Towards the understanding of post-glacial spread of human mitochondrial dna haplogroups in europeand beyond: a phylogeographic approach », Université de Tartu (thèse), University of Tartu Press, (lire en ligne [PDF]).
- Barac et al. (2003)
- F. Luca, F. Di Giacomo, T. Benincasa et al., "Y-Chromosomal Variation in the Czech Republic, " American Journal of Physical Anthropology 132:132–139 (2007).
- Elizabeth T Wood, Daryn A Stover, Christopher Ehret et al., "Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa: evidence for sex-biased demographic processes, " European Journal of Human Genetics (2005) 13, 867–876. cf. "Appendix A: Y Chromosome Haplotype Frequencies."
- Zalloua et al. (2008), Identifying Genetic Traces of Historical Expansions: Phoenician Footprints in the Mediterranean, The American Journal of Human Genetics, Volume 83, Issue 5, 633-642 17 November 2008
- Weale et al. (2002).
- (en) Laitinen Virpi, Lahermo Päivi, Sistonen Pertti, Marja-, Savontaus Liisa, « Y-Chromosomal Diversity Suggests that Baltic Males Share Common Finno-Ugric-Speaking Forefathers », Human Heredity, vol. 53, no 2, , p. 68–78 (PMID 12037406, DOI 10.1159/000057985).
- Genetic evidence for different male and female roles during cultural transitions in the British Isles - James F. Wilson et al., 5078–5083, PNAS, April 24, 2001, vol. 98, no. 9
- Y Chromosome Evidence for Anglo-Saxon Mass Migration - Michael E. Weale et al., Mol. Biol. Evol. 2002;19:1008–1021.
- Alexander Varzari, "Population History of the Dniester-Carpathians: Evidence from Alu Insertion and Y-Chromosome Polymorphisms" (2006)
- R. J. King, S. S. Özcan, T. Carter, E. Kalfoğlu, S. Atasoy, C. Triantaphyllidis, A. Kouvatsi, A. A. Lin, C-E. T. Chow, L. A. Zhivotovsky, M. Michalodimitrakis, P. A. Underhill (2008), "Differential Y-chromosome Anatolian Influences on the Greek and Cretan Neolithic" Annals of Human Genetics 72 (2), 205–214 DOI 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00414.x
- Tatiana Karafet, Liping Xu, Ruofu Du et al., « Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes », American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 69, nos 615–628, .
- Hungarian Bukovina DNA Project
- [M. Regueiro et al. (2006), "Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration"]
- R. Spencer Wells et al., "The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity, " Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (August 28, 2001)
- (en) Mirabal S, Regueiro M, Cadenas AM, L Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Peter A Underhill, Dmitry A Verbenko, Svetlana A Limborska et Rene J Herrera, « Y-Chromosome distribution within the geo-linguistic landscape of northwestern Russia », Eur. J. Hum. Genet., vol. 17, no 10, , p. 1260–73 (PMID 19259129, PMCID 2986641, DOI 10.1038/ejhg.2009.6).
- Distribution of European Y-chromosome DNA
- Yali Xue, Tatiana Zerjal, Weidong Bao, Suling Zhu, Qunfang Shu, Jiujin Xu, Ruofu Du, Songbin ***, Pu Li, Matthew E. Hurles, Huanming Yang, Chris Tyler-Smith, "Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times, " Genetics 2006.
- Michael F. Hammer, Tatiana M. Karafet, Hwayong Park, Keiichi Omoto, Shinji Harihara, Mark Stoneking and Satoshi Horai, "Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes, " Journal of Human Genetics Volume 51, Number 1 / January, 2006.
- Nasidze I. et al 2004, Genetic evidence concerning the origins of South and North Ossetians.
- Oleg Balanovsky, Siiri Rootsi, Andrey Pshenichnov et al., "Two Sources of the Russian Patrilineal Heritage in Their Eurasian Context, " American Journal of Human Genetics 82, 236–250, January 2008.
- Balanovsky
- Andreas O Karlsson, Thomas Wallerström, Anders Götherström et Gunilla Holmlund, « Y-chromosome diversity in Sweden – A long-time perspective », European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 14, no 8, , p. 963–70 (PMID 16724001, DOI 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201651).
- Raito et al.
- Juan J Sanchez, Charlotte Hallenberg, Claus Børsting, Alexis Hernandez et Niels Morling, « High frequencies of Y chromosome lineages characterized by E3b1, DYS19-11, DYS392-12 in Somali males », European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 13, no 7, , p. 856–66 (PMID 15756297, DOI 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201390).
- T. Lappalainen, V. Laitinen, E. Salmela et al., "Migration Waves to the Baltic Sea Region", Annals of Human Genetics (2008).
- « Cinnioglu et al. (2004) »(Archive.org • Wikiwix • Archive.is • Google • Que faire ?) (consulté le ).
- Tatiana Zerjal, R. Spencer Wells, Nadira Yuldasheva, Ruslan Ruzibakiev et Chris Tyler-Smith, « A Genetic Landscape Reshaped by Recent Events: Y-Chromosomal Insights into Central Asia », American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 71, nos 466–482, .
- Ruixia Zhou, Daqun Yang, Hua Zhang, Weiping Yu, Lizhe An, Xilong Wang, Hong Li, Jiujin Xu, and Xiaodong Xie, "Origin and evolution of two Yugur sub-clans in Northwest China: a case study in paternal genetic landscape, " Annals of Human Biology (2008), 35:2, 198 — 211.
Liens Externes
- World Haplogroups Maps
- « Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup I Reveals Distinct Domains of Prehistoric Gene Flow in Europe »(Archive.org • Wikiwix • Archive.is • Google • Que faire ?) (consulté le )
- Phylogeographic Analysis of Haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals Multiple Migratory Events Within and Out Of Africa
- Conversion Table for Y-Chromosome Haplogroups
- Y-chromosome haplogroup N dispersals from south Siberia to Europe
- « A Synthesis of Haplogroup R2 »(Archive.org • Wikiwix • Archive.is • Google • Que faire ?) (consulté le )
- High-Resolution Phylogenetic Analysis of Southeastern Europe (SEE) Traces Major Episodes of Paternal Gene Flow Among Slavic Populations
- A prehistory of Indian Y chromosomes: Evaluating demic diffusion scenarios
- « Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists »(Archive.org • Wikiwix • Archive.is • Google • Que faire ?) (consulté le )
- Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Variation in the Caucasus
- YunusbaevBB
- Map and tree based upon the current YCC 2003 tree
- « http://file.oboz.ua/files/vf47721028aea3a_20071226102616.pdf »(Archive.org • Wikiwix • Archive.is • Google • Que faire ?) (consulté le )
- Frequencies of Haplogroup I and its Subhaplogroups