Diaspora indonésienne
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La diaspora indonésienne désigne l'ensemble des personnes d'origine indonésienne établies en dehors de l'Indonésie. Le terme s'applique aussi bien aux Indonésiens de naissance qu'aux descendants d'Indonésiens, qu'ils soient citoyens indonésiens ou d'un autre pays.
Histoire
Beaucoup d'Indonésiens vont à l'étranger comme étudiants ou travailleurs (ces derniers désignés par le sigle "TKI", tenaga kerja Indonesia ou "main-d'œuvre indonésienne"). La plupart vont en Malaisie, aux EAU, en Corée du Sud, au Japon, à Singapour, aux Pays-Bas, aux États-Unis et en Australie.
Les Indonésiens dans le monde
Environ 2 500 000 Indonésiens vivent en Malaisie. Depuis des siècles, des personnes originaires de Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan et Célèbes y émigrent. Les Malaisiens d'ascendance indonésienne se comptent par millions et sont catégorisés "Malais", même s'ils sont d'autres origines ethniques indonésiennes.
Il y a environ 39 000 citoyens indonésiens vivant au Qatar d'après l'ambassade indonésienne[1].
Selon l'ambassade indonésienne au Singapour, en 2010 il y a 180.000 citoyens d’Indonésie au Singapour. Autant que 80.000 travaillent comme domestiques/TKI, 10.000 sont des mariniers, et les autres sont soit des étudiants ou des professionnels. Cependant, le nombre est peut-être plus haut, parce que les Indonésiens n'ont pas besoin d'enregistrer la domicile, alors le nombre est possiblement environ 200.000. Les citoyens singapouriens d'ascendance malaise constituent la majorité de la population malaise au Singapour.
Texte anglais à traduire :
Indonesia was the colony of the Netherlands. In the early 20th century, many Indonesian students studied in the Netherlands. Most of them lived in Leiden and were active in the Perhimpoenan Indonesia (Indonesian Association). During the Indonesian National Revolution, many Moluccans and Indo people, people of mixed Dutch and Indonesian ancestry migrated to the Netherlands. Most of them were ex-KNIL army. In this way around 12,500 persons were settled in the Netherlands. Giovanni van Bronckhorst, Denny Landzaat, Roy Makaay, Mia Audina, and Daniel Sahuleka are notable people of Indonesian ancestry from the Netherlands.
Texte anglais à traduire :
In the United States, most Indonesians are students and professionals. Boston University and Harvard University are examples of favourite universities for Indonesians. In the Silicon Valley region of Northern California, there are many professional Indonesian-American engineers in the high-tech industry that are employed in companies such as Cisco Systems, KLA Tencor, Google, Yahoo, Sun Microsystems, and IBM. Sehat Sutardja, CEO of Marvell Technology Group, is one of the successful Indonesian professional in USA.[2]
In April 2011 the Special English service of Voice of America reported on a push for American universities to get more Indonesians to study in America as part of reaching out fast-growing economies like Indonesia in order to compete with students' preferred universities in Australia, Singapore and Malaysia[3].
Texte anglais à traduire :
Most of Indonesians in Saudi Arabia are female domestic workers, with a minority of other types of labour migrants and students. Most of the santri extension studied in Saudi, as well as Islamic University in Madina.
Texte anglais à traduire :
Before Dutch and British sailors arrived in Australia, Indonesians from Southern Sulawesi have explored the Australia northern coast. Each year, the Bugis sailors would sail down on the northwestern monsoon in their wooden pinisi. They would stay in Australia for several months to trade and take tripang (or dried sea cucumber) before returning to Makassar on the dry season off shore winds. These trading voyages continued until 1907.[réf. nécessaire]
Nowadays, mostly Indonesian whose reside in Australia are either foreign students or workers, the main ethnic group mostly are the Chinese from Indonesia.
Texte anglais à traduire :
The Indonesian people, mainly Javanese, make up 15% of the population of Suriname. In the 19th century, the Dutch sent the Javanese to Suriname as contract workers in plantations. The most famous person of Indonesian descent is Paul Somohardjo as the speaker of the National Assembly of Suriname[4].
Texte anglais à traduire :
In 2013 approximately 20,000 Indonesians living in Japan, including about 3,000 illegal Indonesians. These numbers dropped from the previous years because of various reasons, reasons include the high cost of living in Japan and the difficulties to find jobs in Japan. Most of them are in Japan for short term and deportation remains high for Indonesian residents.
Texte anglais à traduire :
Indonesian are the second largest foreigner group after Filipino, mainly are the female domestic helper from Java Island, there are also several Chinese Indonesians family and student that reside in Hong Kong. Central and Wan Chai are the main district that mostly Indonesians living in.
Notes et références
- Jure Snoj, « Population of Qatar » [archive du ], Bqdoha.com, .
- (en) « Meet Marvell » [PDF], Forbes Magazine, (version du sur Internet Archive)
- (en) Steve Ember et Sara Schonhardt, « A Push to Get More Indonesians to Study in US », VoA, (lire en ligne, consulté le )
- (en) « English Not On Menu For Wednesday's Press Briefing », Malaysian National News Agency, (consulté le )
