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Condate Riedonum is the gallo-roman name of the actual city of Rennes. It was the main city and capital of the civitas Riedonum.
Ethymology[modifier | modifier le code][modifier | modifier le code]
Condate is a toponym of gaulish origin which refers to a confluence. This name was used alone during the Gaulish era. Many other cities had the name of Condate.
Riedonum comes from the tribe of the Riedones which Condate was the capital. This epithet has been only used after the roman conquest, circa III A.D.. The attestations of the gallo-roman era all use the same writing Riedonum with an « i ».
History[modifier | modifier le code][modifier | modifier le code]
The first traces on the Rennes site date from prehistoric and protohistoric era. It corresponds to isolated cases near the confluence of the Ille and theVilaine. Concerning these periods, archaeologists have collected evidences of human presence, with artifacts found during ancient urban planning work. Polishes stone axes, arrowheads and worked flint flake have been exhumed. These isolated elements only attest a passage and not a regular presence on the territory. Hypothesis of abandoned artifacts (intentionally or not) or lost is considered.
Very few archaeological vestiges are known in Condate before the arrival of the Romans. However, the gaulish period is still studied by archaeologists. They identified, 250 meters north of the perimeter of the antic city, along the Ille, a small exploitation dating from the IV - III B.C.. A gaulish habitat was also spotted a hundred meters downstream from the confluence of the Ille and the Vilaine, at Vieuxville-Beaurade, in 1993. Finally, in 1941, at Saint-Jacques-de-la-Lande, near Rennes, some artifacts have been exhumed including silver and billon staters. The iconography is typical of the Rédones. However, the existence of a real agglomeration remains uncertain.
The current state of knowledge of Condate Riedonum is mainly the result of the various excavation campaigns carried out by the SRA (Regional Archeology Service) and the INRAP (National Institute for Preventive Archaeological Research). The Riedons and their capital are not known to us before the Roman conquest. It is through the writings of Julius Caesar that this population is known to us. In the Commentary on the Gallic War, Caesar tells us that, like the peoples of Armorica, the Riedons would have sent part of their soldiers to help Vercingetorix besieged at Alésia. In total, 20,000 Armorican soldiers were sent to Vercingétorix: “twenty thousand to all the peoples located along the Ocean, and whom the Gauls are accustomed to calling Armoricans, among whom are the Curiosolites, the Redons , the Ambibarii, the Calètes, the Osismes, the Lémovices, the Unelles”. Julius Caesar mentions the Riedons on another occasion to state the tribes having submitted to Rome: "At the same time, Caesar was informed by P. Crassus, sent by him, with a single legion, against the Veneti, the Unelles, the Osismes, the Curiosolites, the Esuvii, the Aulerques, the Redons, maritime peoples on the coasts of the Ocean, that they had all submitted to the power of the Roman people. »
If we have very little textual information on the Riedons, the case is much worse for their capital: Condate Riedonum. The place is almost unknown during the period preceding Roman invasions of Gaul. Claudius Ptolemy (100 - 168 AD) mentions the city but places it on the banks of the Liger (i.e. the Loire): “Below these, on the banks of the Liger, the Rhedones, whose capital is Condate. »
After the roman conquest, Condate Riedonum became the main city of civitas. His name is mentioned on Antonine itinerary and Tabula Peutingeriana .
During the two first centuries of our era, pax romana allow the development of the city. But tensions within the Roman Empire between III and IV B.C. had repercussion on the economy and expansion of the city, now reduced to a core. Around this core, the medieval city organize under the influence of christianity.
The city became christian during VI - VII B.C. The creation of a bishopric in Rennes led to the multiplication of monastic settlements: christianization of necropolises and construction of worship ( Saint-Martin-des-Vignes church, Saint-Melaine abbey).
Capital of the duchy of Brittany, city of Rennes is in full urban development.
- ↑ Berretrot 2004, p. 138.
- ↑ (en) Dominique Pouille et Manon Six, , 2018, « La muraille du castrum », p. 132
- ↑ « [archive] », sur Inrap (consulté le 17 janvier 2024)
- ↑ Gilles Leroux, Françoise Le Boulanger et Stéphane Blanchet, « », Revue Archéologique de l'Ouest, vol. 15, no 1, 1998, p. 173–199 (DOI 10.3406/rao.1998.1077, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 17 janvier 2024)
- ↑ « [archive] », sur musee-archeologienationale.fr (consulté le 17 janvier 2024)
- ↑ Gaétan Le Cloirec, « », Gallia, vol. LXXII, no 1, 2015, alinéa 8 (DOI 10.4000/gallia.1424).
- ↑ (en) Julien Bachelier et Manon Six, , 2018, « De la cité médiévale à la ville moderne », p. 50
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