Utilisateur:Assassas77/Brouillon Internet

Blocages de sites internet

Message de notification utilisé par le TİB déclarant indiquant l'autorité légale sous laquelle le site est bloqué.

En plus d'un filtrage de masse, les autorités de l'État sont proactifs pour ce qui est de demander la suppression ou le retrait de contenu en ligne.

Une affaire majeure concernant la censure d'Internet est « Ahmet Yildirim c. Turquie » (2013), devant la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme: elle concerne la loi n^o 5651 sur Internet et le blocage de Google Sites, la diffamation et l'usage de mesures disproportionnées et la nécessité de restriction devant être prévues par la loi.

Historique des cas de blocages de sites internet

Kliptube (depuis septembre 2010)

Rojname, un site de partage d'informations kurdes (depuis novembre 2008)

On January 28, 2011, the popular imageboard 4chan was blocked.

On 9 March 2012, Pastebin began being blocked by the Turkish Republic. Later in June 2012 or earlier, the block was lifted but then reinstated.

On 21 October 2011, the media streaming service Livestream was blocked by the Turkish Republic. Later in June 2012 or earlier, the block was lifted.Modèle:As of, the list of blocked Internet sites maintained by the monitoring website Engelli Web contained over 78,000 domain names.On January 1, 2011Modèle:Check, Turkish courts banned Wix.com, a popular site builder owned by an Israeli company. The ban was later lifted at least from Turk Telekunikasyon A.S.

• Le 7 mars 2007, les tribunaux turcs ont restreint l'accès à YouTube à cause d'une vidéo spéculative insultant Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Avant le jugement, la cour a demandé à YouTube de retirer la vidéo, mais ils ont refusé, déclarant qu'ils ne pouvaient que la rendre invisible aux habitants de Turquie. Une violation de l'article 8, de 1951. Deux jours après, le blocage a été brièvement levé, puis rétabli.
• En août 2008, des centaines de sites ont été temporairement bloqués pour des raisons similaires. Selon un article de Milliyet d'août 2008, 11 494 plaintes (pour la plupart pour des raisons d'indécence) sont à l'origine des 853 requêtes de blocage.
• Au milieu de l'année 2008, le mécontentement croissant lié aux blocages a conduit à une campagne de protestation populaire organisée par le site Elmaaltshift qui a encouragé les sites internet à replacer leur page d'accueil par une page interstitielle intitulée « Accès à ce site refusé conformément à sa propre décision ».
• Un article d'octobre 2008 du Radikal a monté le nombre de sites bloqués à 1112.
• En septembre 2008, le site de Richard Dawkins a été banni en Turquie en raison de plaintes du créationniste islamique Adnan Oktar qui déclarait que son livre Atlas of Creation, qui conteste la théorie de l'évolution, faisait l'objet de diffamation sur ce site.
• In October 2008 the Turkish Minister of Transport Binali Yıldırım defended the bans, saying "Practices are needed to protect young people and the public at large from harmful material online." The newspaper Taraf said that the persistent banning of Web sites can be attributed to judges inexperience in dealing with the Internet.
• In 2010, the video sharing site Metacafe was banned by the Telecommunications Communication Presidency (TİB) of Turkey after the posting of an alleged scandalous video of the former CHP leader Deniz Baykal.
• Beginning 2 March 2011 access to Blogspot was blocked, following a request by satellite television provider Digiturk; Digiturk alleged Blogger was being used to distribute material it holds the broadcast rights to.
• On 22 August 2011, under new regulations announced on 22 February 2011, the Information Technologies Board (BTK), an offshoot of the prime minister’s office, will allow all ISP users to select one of four levels of content filtering (family, children, domestic, or standard). However having no content filter chosen exactly equals to standard filter in terms of websites blocked.
• Between January and June 2012 the number of content removal requests that Google received from Turkey increased by 1,013 percent compared to the previous six-month reporting period, according to the company's transparency reports.
• In January 2014, SoundCloud was blocked after private phone conversations involving Turkish prime minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan were uploaded to the service.
• On 17 April 2015, Turkey briefly blocked access to the URL shortening service Bitly. Instead of being redirected to the full URL, users following a link to the domain bit.ly were served a page stating (in Turkish) that "this internet site (bit.ly) is placed under administrative measures by the Telecommunication Authority". The blocking was an application of the new Internet regulation law, under which the Telecommunication Authority no longer has to seek court approval before blocking a whole site. No reason for the blocking was provided. Officials of the Telecommunication Authority stated later that the blocking had been due to a "technical error".
• On 10 October 2015, following the first of two bombings in Ankara, censorship monitoring organization Turkey Blocks corroborated user reports that Turkey intentionally restricted access to Twitter in an apparent attempt to control the flow of information relating to the attack.
• In October 2016, Turkish authorities intermittently blocked all Internet access in the east and southeast of the country after detaining the elected co-mayors of the city of Diyarbakır.
• On 4 November 2016, Turkish authorities blocked access to Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and WhatApp in the country, following the detention of 11 Free Democratic Party (HDP) members of parliament. Internet restrictions are increasingly being used to suppress coverage of political incidents, a form of censorship deployed at short notice to prevent civil unrest.

Pour des raisons de copyright

• In October 2008, the courts banned the Blogger (service), including the Blogspot.com domain after Lig TV (whose parent company is Digiturk) complained of copyright violation. This ban was lifted after a few hours.
• On 27 May 2011, the file sharing services RapidShare and Fileserve.com were blocked.
• In October 2012 sport streaming website atdhe.tw was blocked in Turkey.
• As of June 2010, beside YouTube, more than 8000 major and minor websites were banned, most of them pornographic and mp3 sharing sites. Other prominent websites banned include YouPorn, Mrstiff, The Pirate Bay, Megaupload, Deezer, Tagged, Slide, Dudesnude, and ShoutCast. The Internet Movie Database has escaped being censored due to a misspelling of its domain, resulting in a futile ban on www.imbd.com.
• In early September 2010, the online music search engine Grooveshark was banned by Turkish courts due to copyright violations.
• In the spring of 2013, there was an ongoing block of Wikileaks.^{[réf. nécessaire]}
• In January 2014, IP blocks of Level 3 Communications' Content delivery network were blocked, resulting in up to 20% of all requests to that CDN failing.

Wikipédia

• In November 2014, it was found out that Turkish Wikipedia entries for Vagina, Human penis, Scrotum and Vulva have been censored only by main service provider TTNET.
• On 29 April 2017 Turkey blocked access to Wikipedia. Following news from Turkey Blocks that all language versions of Wikipedia had been blocked in Turkey, several websites published articles about the event. Reuters and the BBC reported that the Turkish authorities had blocked all access to Wikipedia in the country from 5.00 GMT. Initially, no reason was given by Turkey's Information and Communication Technologies Authority which simply stated: "After technical analysis and legal consideration based on the Law Nr. 5651 [governing the internet], an administrative measure has been taken for this website." On May 3, 2017, the Wikimedia Foundation took the first legal step against Turkey's ban submitting an objection to the decision of Ankara’s 1st Penal Court of Peace.

Twitter

On 20 March 2014, access to Twitter was blocked when a court ordered that "protection measures" be applied to the service. This followed earlier remarks by Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan who vowed to "wipe out Twitter" following damaging allegations of corruption in his inner circle. However, on 27 March 2014, Istanbul Anatolia 18th Criminal Court of Peace suspended the above-mentioned court order. Turkey's constitutional court later ruled that the ban is illegal. Two weeks after the Turkish government blocked the site, the Twitter ban was lifted. On Sunday April 20, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, FAZ, reported Twitter had blocked two regime hostile accounts in Turkey, @Bascalan and @Haramzadeler333, both known for pointing out corruption. In fact, on 26 March 2014, Twitter announced that it started to use its Country Withheld Content tool for the first time in Turkey. As of June 2014, Twitter was withholding 14 accounts and "hundreds of tweets" in Turkey.

• During June 2010 Turkey's president Abdullah Gül used his Twitter account to express disapproval of the country's ban on YouTube and Google services. Gül said he had instructed officials to find legal ways of allowing access.
• On 20 March 2014, access to Twitter was blocked when a court ordered that "protection measures" be applied to the service. This followed earlier remarks by Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan who vowed to "wipe out Twitter" following damaging allegations of corruption in his inner circle. Google Public DNS was also blocked after it was prominently used to bypass the ban.
• On 6 April 2015, Turkey blocked access to Twitter, YouTube and Facebook after images of a prosecutor held hostage by far-left DHKP-C militants with a gun held at his head were posted. The prosecutor was later killed in the crisis. Facebook quickly complied with the court's decision and removed the content, resulting in the removal of the block for the website.

YouTube

Ce message d'erreur était affiché lorsque quelqu'un tentait d'accéder à YouTube en Turqui entre le 5 mai 2008 et le 30 octobre 2010.

• octobre 2008 Le site parent de YouTube, Google, a décidé de limiter l'accès de façon sélective aux vidéos incriminées aux utilisateurs en Turquie afin d'éviter que le site entier soit bloqué. Les procureurs turcs, insatisfaits, ont demandé un blocage total afin de ne pas offenser les utilisateurs turcs à l'étranger. Google a refusé.
• As of December 2008, after prime minitesr Recep Tayyip Erdoğan encouraged people to work around the YouTube block, its number of visitors doubled making it the fifth-most visited Web site, according to Alexa.com.
• On 27 March 2014, YouTube was blocked country-wide a day after a user uploaded a leaked security meeting that seemingly revealed Head of Turkish Intelligence Hakan Fidan, Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu, and others, plotting "false flag" operations in Syria. Erdoğan described the leak as "villainous"; Davutoğlu called it "a cyber attack against the Turkish Republic" and "a declaration of war against the Turkish state and our nation". YouTube was unblocked on June 3, 2014 after a court ruling.
• In October 2010, the ban of YouTube was lifted. But a range of IP addresses used by Google remained blocked, thus access to Google Apps hosted sites, including all Google App Engine powered sites and some of the Google services, remained blocked.^{[réf. nécessaire]}
• Between July 2010 and October 2010, Turkey's ban of YouTube was expanded to a range of IP addresses offering services by YouTube's parent Google, including those of Google Docs, Google Translate, Google Books, Google Analytics, and Google Tools.

Turkish courts have ordered blocks on access to the YouTube website. This first occurred when Türk Telekom blocked the site in compliance with decision 2007/384 issued by the Istanbul 1st Criminal Court of Peace (Sulh Ceza Mahkeme) on March 6, 2007. The court decision was based on videos insulting Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in an escalation of what the Turkish media referred to as a "virtual war" of insults between Greek, Armenian and Turkish YouTube members. YouTube was sued for "insulting Turkishness" and access to the site was suspended pending the removal of the video. YouTube lawyers sent proof of the video's removal to the Istanbul public prosecutor and access was restored on March 9, 2007. However, other videos similarly deemed insulting were repeatedly posted, and several staggered bans followed, issued by different courts:

• the Sivas 2nd Criminal Court of Peace on September 18, 2007 and again (by decision 2008/11) on January 16, 2008;
• the Ankara 12th Criminal Court of Peace on January 17, 2008 (decision 2008/55);
• the Ankara 1st Criminal Court of Peace on March 12, 2008 (decision 2008/251);
• the Ankara 11th Criminal Court of Peace on April 24, 2008 (decision 2008/468).
• the Ankara 5th Criminal Court of Peace on April 30, 2008 (decision 2008/599);
• again, the Ankara 1st Criminal Court of Peace on May 5, 2008 (decision 2008/402);
• again, the Ankara 11th Criminal Court of Peace on June 6, 2008 (decision 2008/624).
• again, based on "administrative measures" without court order following corruption scandal, relating several governmental officials including Prime Minister Erdogan on March 27, 2014

The block in accordance with court decision 2008/468 of the Ankara 11th Criminal Court of Peace issued on April 24, 2008, which cited that YouTube had not acquired a certificate of authorisation in Turkey, was not implemented by Türk Telekom until May 5, 2008.

Although YouTube was officially banned in Turkey, the website was still accessible by modifying connection parameters to use alternative DNS servers, and it was the eighth most popular website in Turkey according to Alexa records. Responding to criticisms of the courts' bans, in November 2008 the Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan stated "I do access the site. Go ahead and do the same."

In June 2010, Turkey's president Abdullah Gül used his Twitter account to express disapproval of the country's blocking of YouTube, which also affected access from Turkey to many Google services. Gül said he had instructed officials to find legal ways of allowing access.

Turkey lifted the ban on October 30, 2010. In November 2010, a video of the Turkish politician Deniz Baykal caused the site to be blocked again briefly, and the site was threatened with a new shutdown if it did not remove the video.

On March 27, 2014, Turkey banned YouTube again. This time, they did so mere hours after a video was posted there claiming to depict Turkey's foreign minister, spy chief and a top general discussing scenarios that could lead to their country's military attacking jihadist militants in Syria. The ban was ordered lifted by a series of court rulings, starting April 9, 2014, but Turkey defied the court orders and kept access to YouTube blocked. On 29 May the Constitutional Court of Turkey ruled that the block violated the constitutional right to freedom of expression and ordered that YouTube access be restored.

As of the morning of June 1, 2014, access to YouTube remained blocked in Turkey. But during the day, access appeared to have been restored.

On 6 April 2015, YouTube was again briefly blocked, alongside Facebook and Twitter, due to the widespread posting of the a slained prosecutor during a hostage crisis.

On 23 December 2016 YouTube again became briefly inaccessible in Turkey according to reports validated by internet monitoring group Turkey Blocks after footage that allegedly showed the immolation of Turkish soldiers by jihadists was shared on the site. The site is now accessible again as of the 25th of December.