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Assessing the level of respect of the internet rights and freedoms in Africa: Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal and Chad study cases.

In a bid to put into practice the UN Human Rights Council resolution of 05 July 2012, which states that "the rights enjoyed by people offline must also be protected online", organizations and independent experts from six Sub-Saharan African countries sharing French as one of their national languages (Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Ivory Coast and Senegal), with the support of the Association for Progressive Communications (APC) and under the coordination of PROTEGE QV, have undertaken to develop a tool to assess whether African governments are taking steps to respect, protect and guarantee human rights online.

This tool, known as the African Internet Rights and Freedoms Index (AIRFI), was developed using a scientific approach based on the thirteen key principles of the African Declaration on Internet Rights and Freedoms (ADIRF) adopted in 2016 by the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights in Banjul (Gambia).

The calculation and interpretation of the DADLI 2022 for each of the six countries has highlighted the urgent need to improve the regulatory framework, practices and capacities of stakeholders with regard to certain aspects of online human rights.

The following Policy Brief summarises the results of the study, which were presented at a virtual regional workshop on 20 June 2023.

With the growth of the information society, the use of the Internet and digital tools for educational, professional and social purposes has increased considerably in Africa, as elsewhere in the world; a situation particularly boosted in the context of the health crisis caused by the COVID19 pandemic. However, although Africa has the highest Internet growth rate in the world (20% per year), freedom of expression and access to information, and freedom of assembly and association on the Internet - to mention just a few examples - are far from being respected on the continent. 

So, in an effort to help operationalize the UN Human Rights Council resolution of 05 July 2012, which states that "the rights enjoyed by people offline must also be protected online", and based on the Internet Rights and Freedoms Index (IRFI) developed in 2017 by PROTEGE QV, organizations and independent experts from six Sub-Saharan African countries that share French as one of their national languages (Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Ivory Coast and Senegal), have set about proposing an approach for assessing the level of respect for human rights online by their governments..

Based on the reality of the six above mentioned countries, this work has led to the development and evaluation of the African Index of Internet Rights and Freedoms (AIIRF), backed by the 13 key principles of the African Declaration on Internet Rights and Freedoms (AfDec) (www.africaninternetrights.org  adopted on 4 November 2016 by the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights in Banjul (Gambia). The 13 principles are: Openness; Internet access and affordability; Freedom of expression; Right to information; Freedom of assembly and association and the internet; Cultural and linguistic diversity; Right to development and access to knowledge; Privacy and personal data protection; Security, stability and resilience of the internet; Marginalised groups and groups at risk; Right to due process; Democratic multistakeholder governance of the internet; Gender equality.

The six countries of the research :  Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Chad

Figure 1: Localization of the six countries covered by the research

The Lazerfeld methodology was adopted for the development of the AIIRF, taking Internet rights and freedoms as the concept and the 13 fundamental principles of the African Declaration on Internet Rights and Freedoms as the dimensions. These different dimensions or sub-indices have been broken down into indicators identified using the international RAND method, and filled in following data collection (primarily institutional) in each of the countries for the year 2022.