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THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION

The STO, formally established on 1st July 2012, takes on the prestigious heritage of the NATO Research & Technology Organization (RTO) (including its executive body, the Research and Technology Agency (RTA) and the former NATO Undersea Research Centre (NURC) and benefits from the establishment of a NATO Chief Scientist position and his/her affiliated Office.

Its Place in NATO

The STO is a NATO organisation under North Atlantic Council (NAC) authority through the Military Committee (MC) and the Conference of National Armaments Directors (CNAD).

This interaction is, in particular, governed by the need of implementing a unified governance of NATO S&T.

Coordination is first performed by the NATO Chief Scientist and his/her Office (OCS – Office of the Chief Scientist).

Coordination is also achieved through the associate membership of most of those bodies to the STO structure, as well as by the reciprocal participation of STO representatives to those bodies’ meetings.

In addition to the OCS, the STO now comprises internally of the STB, six Panels and a Group (also referred to as Level 2 Committees - see paragraph 4), the S&T Collaboration Support Office (CSO) and the Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation (CMRE).

Its Objective, Mission, and Business Models

The STO objective is to meet to the best advantage the collective needs of NATO, NATO Nations and partner Nations in the fields of Science & Technology (herein referred to as S&T).

The mission of the NATO STO is to help position the Nations’ and NATO’s S&T investments as a strategic enabler of the knowledge and technology advantage for the defence and security posture of NATO Nations and partner Nations.

In the STO context, S&T is delivered through two business models: a collaborative business model and an in-house delivery business model.

In the collaborative business model, the STO provides a forum where NATO Nations and partner Nations elect to use their national resources to define, conduct and promote cooperative research and information exchange.

In the in-house delivery business model, S&T activities are conducted in a dedicated STO executive body, having its own personnel, specific capabilities and infrastructure.

Its Products

The STO provides four basic products to NATO:

A network of thousands of in-house and national experts which is of benefit to each member of the Community and through them to all member Nations;
The research/analysis results, as well as proposed NATO standards, provided in the technical papers and final reports of its many activities which are published by the CSO and posted on the STO Web site;
The results from technology demonstrations, experiments and field trials performed within its Panels/Group in conjunction with other NATO bodies and the respective participating nations, as well as within the CMRE;
Many educational opportunities, provided through symposia, lecture series and technical courses organised by its network.

THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BOARD

The STB constitutes the highest authority within the STO.

It is the policy body tasked by the North Atlantic Council (NAC), through the Conference of National Armament Directors (CNAD) and the Military Committee (MC), to carry out the mission of the STO as well as exercise unified governance of NATO S&T by:

Developing and updating a long-term NATO S&T Strategy and medium-term NATO S&T Priorities;
Obtaining endorsement for and fostering the implementation of the long-term NATO S&T Strategy and the medium-term NATO S&T Priorities, by engaging representatives of the Nations in other NATO senior committees;
Obtaining NAC approval of the endorsed NATO S&T Strategy;
Acting as the focal point for coordinating the STO PoW and the S&T activities of other NATO PoWs by ensuring NATO S&T Strategy and NATO S&T Priorities alignment, by mutual awareness of activities, by avoidance of duplication and by achieving synergies.

The STB is responsible for:

Adherence to NATO corporate governance principles;
General policy decisions pertaining to the STO;
Oversight of STO policies, management and programmes;
Provision of guidance and direction for the operations of STO executive bodies; technical committees and working groups;
Implementation of unified governance of NATO S&T.

Strategy and Policy Format

The STB in Strategy and Policy Format will address all issues requiring formal strategic action by the Board.

Specifically, the STB in Strategy and Policy Format will perform the following tasks:

Developing, implementing and updating the long-term NATO S&T Strategy and approving appropriate actions for its implementation plan (to include STB management priorities);
Endorsing the NATO S&T Strategy Implementation Plan;
Defining and implementing strategic assessment against the STO mission;
Providing advice on NATO S&T Priorities;
Reviewing and endorsing proposed advice as well as recommendations of completed activities of the STO Level 2 Committees and the CMRE, which are to be briefed to higher level NATO bodies and Nations.

STB Experts Committees

The STB benefits from the expertise of the following committees:

Level 2 Coordination Committee

The Level 2 Coordination Committee (L2CC) is an Experts Committee to support the STB and the Chief Scientist in their coordination roles by overseeing the optimization of the STO Collaborative Programme of Work (CPoW).

Knowledge/Information Management Committee

The STB Knowledge/Information Management Committee (KIMC) is an Experts Committee to advise the STB and its Chair, as well as the STO staff and network members, on knowledge, information management, technology and policy matters to the benefit of NATO and the Nations.

National Coordinators’ Committee

The STB National Coordinators’ Committee (NCC) is an Experts Committee to support the:

appropriate administration of the STO members;

effective planning, coordination, administration and publication of STO Collaborative Network activities; and,

coordination of STO public relations matters.

Maritime S&T Experts Committee

The STB Maritime S&T Experts Committee (MSTC) is an Experts Committee to provide solicited and unsolicited scientific advice in the Maritime domain and to ensure the linking to national Maritime S&T activities, to the benefit of the STO and the Nations.

STO Collaborative Programme of Work and Budget

The STO Collaborative Programme of Work is submitted annually for STB approval and its budget is submitted for STB endorsement. The CPoW budget, included in the overall CSO budget, is submitted to the Budget Committee (Military Budget) for review and final funding approval by the North Atlantic Council.

The proposed STO Collaborative Programme of Work and Budget is prepared by the CSO based on Technical Team proposals from the Panels/Group and requests from Board Members. The CPoW budget contains elements relative to the following specific CSO-sponsored programmes: Consultant and Exchange Programme, Support Programme and Cooperative Planning Programme.

The STO Collaborative Programme of Work and Budget may also include support for nations participating in NATO’s Partnership for Peace Programme and Mediterranean Dialogue Programme for which funding is provided through special PfP and MD budgets managed by the NATO International Military Staff.

NATIONAL COORDINATORS

Each participating NATO Nation shall appoint a National Coordinator to facilitate their nation’s participation in the STO and assist their national STB delegation.

Note: the National Point of Contact (PoC) of the EOP Nations will be designated as “EOP National Coordinator”. His/her role will be similar, when applicable, to the NATO National Coordinator’s role.

Duties of National Coordinators

The specific duties of National Coordinators are defined by their Principal National Board Member. However, as a minimum, the National Coordinators should be responsible for the activities listed below to ensure consistency across the STO:

Coordination of STO activities with their National Board Members and, in particular, their Principal National Board Member;
Coordination of STO Level 2 Committee activities with their National Level 2 Committee Members and, in particular, their Principal National Level 2 Committee Members;
Coordination with the STO Leadership and staff;
Coordination of all STO Collaborative Network meetings hosted by their nation and, for each meeting, designation of a Local Coordinator that will manage all necessary local administrative arrangements;
Administrative arrangements for participation of their delegates in STO collaborative activities;
Administration of their nation’s participation in the Consultant and Exchange Programme and, if applicable, the Support Programme sponsored by the CSO;
Coordination of matters concerning STO publications with the National Distribution Centre(s) in their nation;
Coordination of matters concerning partner Nation and Contact Country nationals’ participation to STO collaborative activities hosted by their nation;
Coordination of STO public relations matters, in close cooperation with their National Board Members, National Level 2 Committee Members and the STO Leadership and staff;
Participation in the National Coordinators’ Committee Meetings.

STO LEVEL 2 SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COMMITTEES

Level 2 scientific and technical committees, composed of experts appointed by the member nations and NATO staffs, integrate S&T information exchange and cooperative S&T activities.

These Level 2 committees (called Panels and Group) are formed and governed by the STB, as approved by the CNAD and Military Committee.

They are responsible for planning, initiating and managing technical activities, and for ensuring the provision of national resources.

The STO concept of Panel/Group operations is one of professional synergy rather than national representation. Decisions within the Panel/Group shall be based on a simple majority vote. Reaching a consensus of the Nations represented on the Panel/Group and effectively attending the meeting is only required for confirmation of the result of elections.

Each Panel/Group is chaired by a person elected from among its National Members for a two-year term. The Chair derives his/her authority from the Panel/Group and will account to the Panel/Group for all actions he/she may take in accordance with the STO Collaborative Network Operating Procedures and the decisions taken by the Panel/Group.

A Vice-Chair will also be elected by the members.

The current Level 2 committee structure consists of the following Panels and Group:

Applied Vehicle Technology Panel (AVT)

The mission of the Applied Vehicle Technology (AVT) Panel is to improve the performance, affordability, and safety of vehicle, platform, propulsion and power systems through the advancement of appropriate technologies.

Human Factors and Medicine Panel (HFM)

The mission of the Human Factors and Medicine (HFM) Panel is to provide the science and technology base for optimising health, human protection, well-being and performance of the human in operational environments with consideration of mission effectiveness and affordability. This involves understanding and ensuring the physical, physiological, psychological and cognitive compatibility among military personnel, technological systems, missions, and environments. This is accomplished by exchange of information, collaborative experiments, and shared field trials.

Information Systems Technology Panel (IST)

The mission of the Information Systems Technology (IST) Panel is to advance and exchange techniques and technologies in order to:

improve C3I systems, with a special focus on Interoperability and Cyber Security; and,
provide timely, affordable, dependable, secure and relevant information to war fighters, planners and strategists.

System Analysis and Studies Panel (SAS)

The mission of the System Analysis and Studies (SAS) Panel is:

to conduct studies and analyses of an operational and technological nature; and,
to promote the exchange and development of methods and tools for Operational Analysis (OA) as applied to defence problems.

Systems Concepts and Integration Panel (SCI)

The mission of the Systems, Concepts and Integration (SCI) Panel is to advance knowledge concerning advanced system concepts, integration, engineering techniques and technologies across the spectrum of platforms and operating environments to assure cost-effective mission area capabilities. Integrated defence systems, including air, land, sea, and space systems (manned and unmanned), and associated weapon and countermeasure integration are covered. Panel activities focus on NATO and national mid- to long-term system level operational needs.

Sensors and Electronics Technology Panel (SET)

The mission of the Sensors and Electronics Technology (SET) Panel is to foster co-operative research, the exchange of information, and the advancement of science and technology among the NATO Nations in the field of sensors and electronics for defence and security. The SET Panel addresses electronic technologies and passive/active sensors as they pertain to Reconnaissance, Surveillance and Target Acquisition (RSTA), Electronic Warfare (EW), Communications, and Navigation and to the enhancement of sensor capabilities through multi-sensor integration and fusion. To fulfil this mission, the SET Panel has three Focus Groups: Radio-Frequency Technology (RFT); Optical Technology (OT); and Multi-Sensors & Electronics (MSE).

NATO Modelling and Simulation Group (NMSG)

The mission of the NATO Modelling and Simulation (M&S) Group (NMSG) is to:

promote cooperation among Alliance bodies, NATO Nations and partner Nations to maximise the effective utilisation of M&S, including: M&S Standardization, education and associated science and technology;

coordinate customers, users and suppliers in the five areas of Simulation (Support to Operations, Capability Development, Mission Rehearsal, Training and Education, and Procurement);

support customers in defining the operational needs regarding M&S, support users to fulfil these operational needs and support suppliers to provide the simulation assets in the five identified areas of simulation, helping NATO M&S stakeholders and subject matter experts to meet to initiate, coordinate and oversee the implementation of the NATO M&S Master Plan (NMSMP);

monitor the degree of consistency with NMSMP in NATO organisations, being the Custodian of the NMSMP;

report on those situations (and decisions) in which inconsistency with NMSMP can or will introduce interoperability issues between NATO Nations (and Partners).

Panel/Group Membership

National Representatives

Each Panel/Group will consist of up to three National Panel/Group Members from each participating NATO Nation who must be chosen by their government from government, industry or academia. Panel/Group Members must be cleared up to NATO SECRET.

Panel/Group Members shall be officially appointed by the nations. The procedure for selecting and appointing National Members to the Panels/Group is a national matter and may differ from nation to nation. When making the appointment of Panel/Group Members, the nations must ensure that members will have travel funding available and sufficient time to perform all their duties.

STO TECHNICAL TEAMS (LEVEL 3)

The STO Technical Teams are sponsored by the Panels/Group. They are temporary groups assigned by the Panels/Group to perform specific tasks that may range from studying scientific, technological or operational issues to organising activities such as symposia, lectures and experiments. A Technical Team may originate from an Exploratory Team.

The Technical Teams are made up of national experts. Technical Team members from NATO nations are appointed by the Principal Panel/Group (or Board) Members of their respective participating NATO nation. In each Technical Team, there must be a minimum of four nations represented and a lead nation should be identified. Technical Teams shall be limited in duration to a maximum of three years unless specifically extended by the STB.

Technical Teams may encompass the following:

Research Symposium (RSY)

A Research Symposium aims at promoting exchange of state-of-the-art knowledge among a wide audience on an important scientific or applied topic. The prime purpose of a RSY is to enhance the capability of the NATO S&T community to respond adequately to the military requirements of NATO. A RSY is a large-scale (100+ participants), three-to-four day event. Communications are primarily via invited Keynote Addresses and via oral and poster presentations of submitted papers, screened and selected for presentation by the Programme Committee as generated from a Call for Papers. A RSY results in an STO publication (Meeting Proceedings).

Research Specialists’ Meeting (RSM)

A Research Specialists’ Meeting aims at promoting exchange of state-of-the-art knowledge among an audience of specialists with invited speakers on an important scientific or applied topic. The prime purpose of a RSM is to enhance the capability of the NATO S&T community to respond adequately to the military requirements of NATO. A RSM is a medium-scale (usually less than 100 participants), two to three-day event. Communications are primarily via invited Keynote Addresses and via oral presentations of authors invited by the Programme Committee. RSMs should include a roundtable discussion. A RSM results in an STO publication (Meeting Proceedings).

Research Workshop (RWS)

A Research Workshop aims at facilitating intensive information exchange and focussed discussion on a specific topic among a limited number of invited experts. The prime purpose of a RWS is to enhance the capability of the NATO S&T community to respond adequately to the military requirements of NATO. A RWS (generally not more than 30 participants) is a two to three-day event with no prescribed format. A RWS results in an STO publication (Meeting Proceedings).

Research Task Group (RTG)

A Research Task Group (RTG) technical team activity aims at allowing researchers in different nations to work together in order to solve a particular scientific research and technology development problem. RTGs are sponsored by the Panel/Group to meet the needs of NATO. RTGs are chartered for a maximum of three years after the initial meeting. Among the activities conducted during an RTG, a Cooperative Demonstration of Technology (CDT) may be organised; its description follows. The findings will be documented in an STO publication (Technical Report or Technical Memoranda).

Cooperative Demonstrations of Technology (CDTs)

CDTs are specific activities of RTGs. The overall objective of a CDT is to demonstrate either the capability of emerging technologies or existing civilian technologies to operate in a military environment. By demonstrating new technologies in a military environment, they can be assessed for their future applicability to meet war fighter needs. Additionally, CDTs are tools which can identify technical and programming risks related to a new technology, as well as potential solutions to address those risks.

Long-Term Scientific Study (LTSS)

A Long-Term Scientific Study (LTSS) technical team activity provides recommendations to NATO and National Authorities. It can be executed by any Panel/Group, but is always sponsored by the SAS Panel. It assesses the impact on military operations that might be expected to come from developments in science and technology over both the medium and long term (typically 10-20 years). This would include how emerging technologies, systems and methods may affect tactical concepts and doctrines. Reciprocally, recommendations could be provided on how the evolution of the military doctrine should influence the Science and Technology priorities. LTSSs are chartered for a maximum of three years after the initial meeting. Among the activities conducted during an LTSS, a brainstorming meeting, called Multinational Exercise (MNE), is organised; its description follows. A Long-Term Scientific Study results in an STO publication (Technical Report or Technical Memorandum) and in presentations to various NATO or National Authorities.

Multinational Exercise (MNE)

A Multinational Exercise (MNE) provides a Long-Term Scientific Study (LTSS) with the real content of its final products (Reports and presentations). It is conducted by means of a very specific session between scientists, engineers and operators. MNEs normally have a duration of two weeks in suitable NATO or national accommodation. The number of participants depends on the number of scientific/operational fields involved, of the structure of the Working Paper, and on the number/type of participating nations.

Military Application Study (MAS)

A Military Application Study (MAS) technical team activity is a short-term rapid reaction study which assesses the application of technology to operational procedures to solve operational and equipment deficiencies. It can be executed by any Panel/Group, but is always sponsored by the SAS Panel. Typically, the team will take a system approach to a broad problem area rather than focus on a narrow technical deficiency. These studies are scheduled to complete in about one year after the initial meeting and will draw on a wide range of operational, analytical, technical and industrial expertise. A MAS results in an STO publication (Technical Report or Technical Memorandum), a Detailed Presentation to the Panel/Group and a Short Presentation to the STB for approval of further presentation.

Research Lecture Series (RLS)

A Research Lecture Series aims at disseminating state-of-the-art scientific knowledge among junior and mid-level specialists, scientists and engineers to meet the needs of NATO. A RLS is a two-day educational event that is normally organised at three different locations. RLSs can include a roundtable discussion. RLSs are combined with an STO publication (Educational Notes), which will be made available before the first RLS session.

Research Technical Course (RTC)

A Research Technical Course is an educational technical team activity aimed at transferring practical knowledge and recent field developments through on-site instructor training to meet the needs of NATO. The course content can be drawn from new material, refresher material, Technical Team findings/results, and other topics from existing pre-packaged instruction material. The material is tailored to a specific/specialised audience and is generally more operational in nature than for a Research Lecture Series (RLS). A RTC can be offered up to a maximum of four times lasting from one to three days. In contrast with RLSs, an STO publication is not always provided for a RTC.

AGARDograph

An AGARDograph (Advanced Guidance for Alliance Research and Development-AGARD) pertains to a single, clearly defined technical subject (e.g. Flight Test Measurement Techniques for Laminar Flow, Electronic Warfare Test and Evaluation, etc.) and comprises material generally agreed to be of lasting interest and value to the technical and war fighter communities represented throughout NATO. The AG material may be the work of a single author or be the coordinated and edited contributions of several authors. An AG team is chartered for a maximum of three years after the initial meeting resulting in a deliverable AGARDograph.

STO PUBLICATIONS AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION

It is important that the achieved results of the research stemming from the scientific and technical activities of the STO reach the NATO Nations. The STO’s publishing efforts are, therefore, aimed to give their publications the widest possible dissemination within proper security and commercial constraints in a timely, easy to use way, and in the most economical manner.

To facilitate this, the CSO has developed on-line tools to ease the access to this information through the STO Website (www.sto.nato.int). Such an approach can only be truly effective, however, when combined with efforts at the national level. It is, therefore, necessary to create an internal network that allows for an additional distribution of the STO information in a more targeted manner.

For decades, this role has been undertaken by the National Distribution Centres (NDCs) which have proved to be very effective in the dissemination within their Nations of the scientific publications. Additionally, the NDCs have played a role in the promotion of STO activities, as such becoming a focal point for all STO information distribution. While the creation of an NDC is not a requirement, it is highly recommended that each Nation participating in the activities of the STO establishes such a Centre to assist the National Coordinator who has the overall responsibility for the handling of STO publications at national level.

It is important to note that an NDC does not have to be a dedicated organisation though many Nations delegate this responsibility to large libraries, even national libraries, or more typically information centres within the defence domain (e.g. the Defence Technical Information Centre [DTIC] in the US, the FIZBw in Germany). A full listing of current NDCs can be found on the STO Website.

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[[Catégorie:Science]] [[Catégorie:Technology]] [[Catégorie:Military]] [[Catégorie:Research]]