Utilisateur:Kimdime/liste d'alliages
This is a list of named alloys grouped alphabetically by base metal. Within these headings, the alloys are also grouped alphabetically. Some of the main alloying elements are optionally listed after the alloy names.
Alloys by base metal[modifier | modifier le code]
Aluminium[modifier | modifier le code]
Modèle:Main article Aluminium also forms complex metallic alloys, like β–Al–Mg, ξ'–Al–Pd–Mn, T–Al3Mn
- AA-8000: used for electrical building wire in the U.S. per the National Electrical Code, replacing AA-1350.[1]
- Al–Li (2.45% lithium): aerospace applications, including the Space Shuttle
- Alnico (nickel, cobalt): used for permanent magnets
- Birmabright (magnesium, manganese): used in Land Rover bodies
- Duralumin (copper)
- Hiduminium or R.R. alloys (2% copper, iron, nickel): used in aircraft pistons
- Hydronalium (up to 12% magnesium, 1% manganese): used in shipbuilding, resists seawater corrosion
- Italma (3.5% magnesium, 0.3% manganese): formerly used to make coinage of the Italian lira
- Magnalium (5-50% magnesium): used in airplane bodies, ladders, pyrotechnics, etc.
- Scandium–aluminium (scandium)
- Y alloy (4% copper, nickel, magnesium):
Beryllium[modifier | modifier le code]
Bismuth[modifier | modifier le code]
- Bismanol (manganese); magnetic alloy from the 1950s using powder metallurgy
- Cerrosafe (lead, tin, cadmium)
- Rose metal (lead, tin)
- Wood's metal (lead, tin, cadmium)
Chromium[modifier | modifier le code]
- Chromium hydride (hydrogen)
- Nichrome (nickel)
Cobalt[modifier | modifier le code]
- Megallium
- Stellite (chromium, tungsten, carbon)
- Ultimet (chromium, nickel, iron, molybdenum, tungsten) [3]
- Vitallium
Copper[modifier | modifier le code]
- Arsenical copper
- Beryllium copper (beryllium)
- Billon (silver)
- Brass (zinc) see also Brass §Brass types for longer list
- Calamine brass (zinc)
- Chinese silver (zinc)
- Dutch metal (zinc)
- Gilding metal (zinc)
- Muntz metal (zinc)
- Pinchbeck (zinc)
- Prince's metal (zinc)
- Tombac (zinc)
- Bronze (tin, aluminium or other element)
- Aluminium bronze (aluminium)
- Arsenical bronze
- Bell metal (tin)
- Florentine bronze (aluminium or tin)
- Glucydur (beryllium, iron)
- Guanín
- Gunmetal (tin, zinc)
- Phosphor bronze (tin and phosphorus)
- Ormolu (Gilt Bronze) (zinc)
- Silicon bronze
- Speculum metal (tin)
- Constantan (nickel)
- Copper hydride (hydrogen)
- Copper–tungsten (tungsten)
- Corinthian bronze (gold, silver)
- Cunife (nickel, iron)
- Cupronickel (nickel)
- CuSil (silver)
- Cymbal alloys (Bell metal) (tin)
- Devarda's alloy (aluminium, zinc)
- Electrum (gold, silver)
- Hepatizon (gold, silver)
- Manganin (manganese, nickel)
- Melchior (nickel); high corrosion resistance, used in marine applications in condenser tubes
- Molybdochalkos (lead)
- Nickel silver (nickel)
- Nordic gold (aluminium, zinc, tin)
- Shakudo (gold)
- Tumbaga (gold)
Gallium[modifier | modifier le code]
Gold[modifier | modifier le code]
- See also notes below[note 1]
- Colored gold (silver, copper)
- Crown gold (silver, copper)
- Electrum (silver, gold)
- Rhodite (rhodium)
- Rose gold (copper)
- Tumbaga (copper)
- White gold (nickel, palladium)
Indium[modifier | modifier le code]
- Field's metal (bismuth, tin)
Iron[modifier | modifier le code]
- Elinvar (nickel, chromium)
- Fernico (nickel, cobalt)
- Ferroalloys (Category:Ferroalloys)
- Invar (nickel)
- Iron hydride (hydrogen)
- Kanthal (alloy) (20–30% chromium, 4–7.5% aluminium); used in heating elements, including e-cigarettes
- Kovar (nickel, cobalt)
- Spiegeleisen (manganese, carbon, silicon)
- Staballoy (stainless steel) (managanese, chromium, carbon) - see also #Alloys of uranium below
- Steel (carbon) (Category:Steels)
- Bulat steel
- Chromoly (chromium, molybdenum)
- Crucible steel
- Damascus steel
- Hadfield steel
- High speed steel
- HSLA steel
- Maraging steel
- Reynolds 531
- Silicon steel (silicon)
- Spring steel
- Stainless steel (chromium, nickel)
- Tool steel (tungsten or manganese)
- Silver steel (US:Drill rod) (manganese, chromium, silicon)
- Weathering steel ('Cor-ten') (silicon, manganese, chromium, copper, vanadium, nickel)
- Wootz steel
Lead[modifier | modifier le code]
- Molybdochalkos (copper)
- Solder (tin)
- Terne (tin)
- Type metal (tin, antimony)
Magnesium[modifier | modifier le code]
- Elektron
- Magnox (0.8% aluminium, 0.004% beryllium); used in nuclear reactors
- T-Mg–Al–Zn (Bergman phase) is a complex metallic alloy
Mercury[modifier | modifier le code]
Nickel[modifier | modifier le code]
- Category: Nickel alloys
- Alnico (aluminium, cobalt); used in magnets
- Alumel (manganese, aluminium, silicon)
- Brightray (20% chromium, iron, rare earths); originally for hard-facing valve seats
- Chromel (chromium)
- Cupronickel (bronze, copper)
- Ferronickel (iron)
- German silver (copper, zinc)
- Hastelloy (molybdenum, chromium, sometimes tungsten)
- Inconel (chromium, iron)
- Monel metal (copper, iron, manganese)
- Nichrome (chromium)
- Nickel-carbon (carbon)
- Nicrosil (chromium, silicon, magnesium)
- Nisil (silicon)
- Nitinol (titanium, shape memory alloy)
- Magnetically "soft" alloys
Plutonium[modifier | modifier le code]
- Plutonium–aluminium
- Plutonium–cerium
- Plutonium–cerium–cobalt
- Plutonium–gallium (gallium)
- Plutonium–gallium–cobalt
- Plutonium–zirconium
Potassium[modifier | modifier le code]
Rare Earths[modifier | modifier le code]
- Mischmetal (various rare earth elements)
- Terfenol-D (terbium, dysprosium, and iron), a highly magnetostrictive alloy used in portable speakers such as the SoundBug device
Rhodium[modifier | modifier le code]
- Pseudo palladium (rhodium–silver alloy)
Samarium[modifier | modifier le code]
SmCo (cobalt); used for permanent magnets in guitar pickups, headphones, satellite transponders, etc.
Scandium[modifier | modifier le code]
Silver[modifier | modifier le code]
- Argentium sterling silver (copper, germanium)
- Billon
- Britannia silver (copper)
- Doré bullion (gold)
- Electrum (gold)
- Goloid (copper, gold)
- Platinum sterling (platinum)
- Shibuichi (copper)
- Sterling silver (copper)
- Tibetan silver (copper)
Sodium[modifier | modifier le code]
Titanium[modifier | modifier le code]
- 6al–4v (aluminium, vanadium)
- Beta C (vanadium, chromium, others)
- Gum metal (niobium, tantalum, zirconium, oxygen); used in spectacle frames, precision screws etc.
- Titanium hydride (hydrogen)
- Titanium nitride (nitrogen)
- Titanium gold (gold)
Tin[modifier | modifier le code]
- Babbitt (copper, antimony, lead; used for bearing surfaces)[4]
- Britannium (copper, antimony)[1]
- Pewter (antimony, copper)
- Queen's metal (antimony, lead, and bismuth)
- Solder (lead, antimony)
- Terne (lead)
- White metal, (copper or lead); used as base metal for plating, in bearings, etc.
Uranium[modifier | modifier le code]
- Staballoy (depleted uranium with other metals, usually titanium or molybdenum). See also #Alloys of iron above for Staballoy (stainless steel).
- Uranium hydride (hydrogen)
Zinc[modifier | modifier le code]
- Zamak (aluminium, magnesium, copper)
- Electroplated zinc alloys
Zirconium[modifier | modifier le code]
See also[modifier | modifier le code]
- List of named alloys
- List of brazing alloys
- Complex metallic alloys
- Heusler alloy, a range of ferromagnetic alloys (66% copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, nickel or palladium)
- Intermetallic compounds
- Pot metal; inexpensive casting metal of non-specific composition
Notes[modifier | modifier le code]
- The purity of gold alloys is expressed in karats, (UK: carats) which indicates the ratio of the minimum amount of gold (by mass) over 24 parts total. 24 karat gold is fine gold (24/24 parts), and the engineering standard[réf. nécessaire] is that it be applied to alloys that have been refined to 99.9% or better purity ("3 nines fine"). There are, however, places in the world that allow the claim of 24kt. to alloys with as little as 99.0% gold ("2 nines fine" or "point nine-nine fine).[réf. nécessaire] An alloy which is 14 parts gold to 10 parts alloy is 14 karat gold, 18 parts gold to 6 parts alloy is 18 karat, etc. This is becoming more commonly[réf. nécessaire] and more precisely expressed as a decimal fraction, i.e.: 14/24 equals .585 (rounded off), and 18/24 is .750 ("seven-fifty fine"). There are hundreds of possible alloys and mixtures possible, but in general the addition of silver will color gold green, and the addition of copper will color it red. A mix of around 50/50 copper and silver gives the range of yellow gold alloys the public is accustomed to seeing in the marketplace.
References[modifier | modifier le code]
- Hunter, Christel (2006). Aluminum Building Wire Installation and Terminations, IAEI News, January–February 2006. Richardson, TX: International Association of Electrical Inspectors.
- Hausner(1965) Beryllium its Metallurgy and Properties , University of California Press
- « Ultimet® alloy - Nominal Composition », sur Haynes International (consulté le )
- « Tin Based Alloys », sur Mayer Alloys
[[Catégorie:Alliage]] [[Catégorie:Liste en rapport avec la chimie]]