Hayao Miyazaki:

Hayao Miyazaki, born in Tokyo on January 5, 1941, is a Japanese cartoonist, director and animated film producer who co-founded Studio Ghibli with Takahata. Prior to the international release of "Princess Mononoke" in 1999, the West was virtually unknown outside of the circle of anime and manga enthusiasts. His films then met with great success all over the world, especially in Japan, where some broke records. He often explores the same central theme, the relationship between man and nature, ecology and technology, and the difficulty of maintaining peace in a world at war. The protagonists of his films are usually strong, independent young girls or women, and the "bad guys" have qualities that make them morally ambiguous, as does the cult of Shintoism. His works are aimed at children as well as adults. In Japan, he is considered the equivalent of Osamu Tezuka, while in the West, he is often compared to Walt Disney. However, Miyazaki remained humble and explained his success in his career by how lucky he was to be able to let his creativity run free.

Work and creative process:

Miyazaki is deeply involved in her cinematic creation, often acting as a screenwriter and director at the same time. He personally checked all the drawings of his early films, but due to health issues caused by overwork, he now delegates some of the work to other members of Studio Ghibli. In an interview in 1999, he said: "At this age, I can't do my old job anymore. If my staff can support me, if I can focus on directing, I still have a few films I want to make. " Unlike the practice of American animation studios, the script and the storyboard are created at the same time, and the animation starts even before the scripting work is finished and during the creation of the storyboard. It's a method he doesn't approve of because of his lack of organization, but it works for him. These films are sometimes taken from his comics, as in the case of Nausicaa in Nausicaa. Miyazaki uses traditional animation (hands, brushes, paint and ink), although computer-generated effects (digital paintings) have been used since Princess Mononoke to give people "a bit of elegance" (in Princess Mononoke, they are used to meet the deadline). In another interview, Miyazaki said, “It is very important for me to remember the good relationship between manual work and IT. I have now learned to balance, to use both, and I can always say that my movies are in 2D. His dedication to work often negatively affects his relationship with his eldest son, Goro.

Animation :

Hayao Miyazaki's manga are deeply influenced by the works of Osamu Tezuka. In his hometown, he is often compared to the works of Osamu Tezuka. When he began to draw with the aim of one day becoming a designer, he strongly imitated him. However, he went on to criticize Tezuka as an anime creator and said he didn't like his job at all. He was also compared to Walt Disney, calling him "Japan Disney", which he didn't like. In fact, he hardly appreciates the works of American studios, with the exception of the oldest works, including "Symphony of Silly". In the first years of his very difficult career as an animator, he watched the Russian animated film "Frozen" by Lev Atamanov. He was so moved by this film that he was determined to start working with the "re-decision" again. This effect can be seen in the solar prince Horus5. "The Shepherdess and the Chimney Sweep" (1952, reissued as "The King and the Bird" in 1979) is a classic from the French animated film by Paul Grimaud which convinced Miyazaki that he could produce films by entertainment for adults. This film will have a decisive influence on the works of Takahata and Hayao Miyazaki, who have paid tribute to him on different occasions, notably in Castle of Cagliostro, Laputa in the Sky, Nausicaa ... In 2008, a major exhibition at the Monastery of Fontefro, designed by Xavier Kawa-Topor, Jean-Pierre Pagliano and Ilan Nguyen, entitled “Grimaud, Takahata, Miyazaki: Cartoon Worlds and Wonders” highlights this connected art. Decisive.

Takahata wrote a book about Yuri Nostan in Russia, including "Legendary Tale", which inspired Hayao Miyazaki. Miyazaki is also impressed by the works of the Canadian Frédéric Back (Crac, tree planter), in particular his talent for vegetable painting. Clark frustrated him because he thought his job was inferior to others.

Female characters :

According to Suzuki, Miyazaki is a staunch feminist: “Miyazaki is a feminist. As a feminist, he believes that a society that values the women are more successful. ”Therefore women occupy an important place in his work. They can be found in all of his films, usually playing the lead role when not playing the lead role. They are both powerful and fragile, frightening and reckless. From Chinchilla's granddaughter to Nausicaa's grandmother, people of all ages appear in her films. These are the women headed by Ms. Eboshi, who work in Princess Mononoke's smithy, and the women repairing Marco's seaplane in Porco. The filial piety proposed by Hayao Miyazaki is almost always mother-daughter. It is generally characterized by the breaking of this bond, a step towards adulthood and the inheritance of a mother as a girl, like Kiki's childbirth ward. Miyazaki said, “A lot of my films have female characters. Courageous and independent girls, they will not hesitate to defend their faith. They need friends or allies, but they never need a savior to be a hero. "

Ecologism:

Miyazaki often mentions ecology, a theme he has explored in many films. In an interview with The New Yorker, he said that much of the content of modern culture is "shallow, shallow and false," and that he "isn't entirely kidding" while waiting for a world where "weeds Will take over the earth. However, he advises adults "not to impose their worldview on children." In June 2011, after the Fukushima nuclear accident, he formally publicly opposed the use of nuclear energy41. Hayao Miyazaki himself is close to nature, and was particularly inspired by the forest called Fuchi no Mori between Tokorozawa town and Higashimura mountain to create My Neighbor My Neighbor Totoro. He even donated 300 million yen in 1997 to protect this "chinchilla forest" from the destruction of real estate projects. Representative of the Fuchi no Mori no Kai association, he organizes weeding activities and cleans the rivers that cross this forest every year.

War and machinery:

Miyazaki follows the traumatic artist obsessed with the atomic bomb. Indeed, the idea of weapons of destruction is a popular subject as much in comics as in works of art or animated films. Although Miyazaki was very young in this war (he was only four years old during the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), he lived and lived through his mother and the people around him throughout. his childhood and his life in the world. Sky City, adapted from an episode of Gulliver's Travels, tells of a floating stone of apocalyptic power that the military covets. There are enormous warriors at Nausicaa in the Valley of the Wind, more powerful and destructive than anything, for in the "Fire of the Seven Days" they razed the world. The flying machines, machines often depicted, recall the past of Miyazaki, who drew airplanes for a long time before trying his hand at characters. His interest in flying machines and everything that flies in general is reflected in most of his films. In Porco Rosso, it is the story of the aviators of the years 1920-1930 which constitutes the common thread of the narration, and in particular that of the aces of the sky, such as the main character. As such, the film shows different planes with a design largely inspired by planes that have existed. In Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind, the heroine pilots her moeve. In The Castle in the Sky, the flying machines are very present with in particular the flyovers, the airship and the flying fortress The Goliath. In Howl's Moving Castle, Hauru and Sophie fly above their village, while in Spirited Away, the heroine is carried on the back of a dragon. In Totoro, the eponymous character carries the girls above the trees, and finally in Kiki's Delivery Service, Kiki flies on a broom; finally, the director's latest film, Le vent se lève, has aeronautics as its central theme. As a note, two notable films by the author are exceptions to the rule: Princess Mononoke which takes place almost exclusively in a terrestrial environment and Ponyo on the cliff which puts the spotlight on the marine environment.

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