Utilisateur:Bbhedia/Bac à sable

systèmes d'exploitation temps réel (à traduire de l'en VERS fr)[modifier | modifier le code]

Design philosophies[modifier | modifier le code]

Two basic designs exist:

Event-driven (priority scheduling) designs switch tasks only when an event of higher priority needs service, called pre-emptive priority.
Time-sharing designs switch tasks on a clock interrupt, and on events, called round robin.

Time-sharing designs switch tasks more often than is strictly needed, but give smoother, more deterministic multitasking, giving the illusion that a process or user has sole use of a machine.

Early CPU designs needed many cycles to switch tasks, during which the CPU could do nothing useful. So early OSes tried to minimize wasting CPU time by maximally avoiding unnecessary task-switches.

More recent CPUs take far less time to switch from one task to another; the extreme case is barrel processors that switch from one task to the next in zero cycles. Newer RTOSes almost invariably implement time-sharing scheduling with priority driven pre-emptive scheduling.

Liste des systèmes d'exploitation temps réel[modifier | modifier le code]

Nom	Licence	Code Sources	Domaine d'utilisation	Statut	Plateformes Cible	Site Officiel
Ardence RTX	propriétaire	fermé	Extension MS Windows	active?	x86	[1]
BeRTOS	GNU GPL modifiè	open source	Système embarqué	active	DSP56K, I196, IA32, ARM, AVR	[2]
ChibiOS/RT	GNU GPL modifiè	Open Source	Système embarqué, small footprint	active	x86, ARM7, ARM Cortex-M3, AVR, MSP430	[3]
ChorusOS	?	?	?	?	?	[4]
CMX RTOS	propriétaire	?	Système embarqué	active	IA32, ARM, AVR, H8, PIC, 8051	[5]
Contiki	BSD	open source	Système embarqué	active	MSP430, AVR	[6]
DNIX	propriétaire	fermé	general purpose	arreté	68000	?
DrRtos	free?	open?	?	active?	ARM7	[7]
DSP RTOS	?	?	DSP	?	16/32/64 bit processors	[8]
DSOS	?	?	?	arreté	TI-980A minicomputer	?
eCos	GNU GPL modifiè	open source	general purpose	active	ARM/XScale, CalmRISC, 68000/Coldfire, fr30, FR-V, H8, IA32, MIPS, MN10300, OpenRISC, PowerPC, SPARC, SuperH, V8xx	[9]
eCosPro	GNU GPL modifiè and eCosPro license	open source avec des parties non-free	general purpose	active	ARM/XScale, CalmRISC, 68000/Coldfire, fr30, FR-V, H8, IA32, MIPS, MN10300, NIOS2, OpenRISC, PowerPC, SPARC, SuperH, V8xx	[10]
embOS	propriétaire	fermé	Système embarqué	active	8/16/32 bit processors	[11]
EROS	GPL	open source	experimental research use	dormant	IA32	[12]
Femto OS	GPLv3	open source	Système embarqué	active	AVR	[13]
FreeRTOS	GNU GPL modifiè	open source	Système embarqué	active	ARM, AVR, AVR32, HCS12, IA32, MicroBlaze, MSP430, PIC, Renesas H8/S, 8052	[14]
Fusion RTOS	free	?	semi-general purpose	active	ARM, Blackfin, StarCore, DSP 56800E
Helium	free	?	?	?	Open-Source RTOS for HCS08 & AVR MCUs	[15]
HP-1000/RTE	?	?	?	?	?	[16]
INTEGRITY	?	?	?	active	ARM, XScale, Blackfin, Freescale ColdFire, MIPS, PowerPC, x86	[17]
LynxOS	propriétaire	?	?	active	Motorola 68010, Intel 80386, ARM, PowerPC	[18]
MaRTE OS	?	?	Système embarqué	?	?	[19]
MenuetOS	?	?	?	?	?	[20]
MERT	?	?	?	inactive	PDP-11	?
MicroC/OS-II	propriétaire	?	Système embarqué	active	AVR, …	[21]
Multiuser DOS	?	?	?	?	?	?
Nano-RK	mixed	open source	Système embarqué	active	AVR, MSP430	[22]
Neutrino	propriétaire	code source fourni	microkernel	active	ARM, MIPS, PPC, SH, x86, XScale	[23]
Nucleus OS	propriétaire	code source fourni	Système embarqué	active	AMD Au1100, ARM, Atmel AT91 series, Atmel Nios II, Freescale iMX, Freescale MCF, Freescale MPC, Marvell PXA series, MTI, NEC uPD6111x, Sharp LH7 series, ST, TI OMAP, TI TMS320 series, Xilinx Microblaze	[24]
NuttX RTOS	BSD	open source	Système embarqué, small footprint	active	Linux user mode, ARM7, ARM9, 8052, SH-1, Renesas MC16C/26, Zilog Z16F, Zilog eZ80 Acclaim!, Zilog Z8Encore!, Z80, partial ports for MIPS	[25]
Open AT OS	?	?	Système embarqué (télophonie mobile)	?	?	[26]
OSE	propriétaire	fermé	general purpose	active	ARM, PowerPC, MIPS, IXP2400, TI OMAP, …	[27]
OS-9	?	?	?	active	ARM/strongARM, MIPS, PowerPC, SuperH, x86/Pentium, XSCALE, Motorola 6809, Motorola 68000-series	[28]
OSEK	n/a	specification	Système embarqué	active	engine control units	[29]
Phar Lap ETS	?	?	?	?	?	?
PaulOS	GNU GPL	open source	Système embarqué	?	?	[30]
PICOS18	GNU GPL	open source	Système embarqué	?	PIC18	[31]
Phoenix-RTOS	?	?	?	?	?	[32]
PikeOS	propriétaire	?	?	?	?	[33]
Prex	BSD	open source	microkernel	active	ARM, IA32	[34]
pSOS	propriétaire	?	?	discontinued	Motorola 680x, Motorola 68000	?
QNX	mixed	?	general purpose	active	IA32, MIPS, PowerPC, SH-4, ARM, StrongARM, XScale	[35]
RMX	?	?	?	active	8080, 8086, 80386 or higher	[36]
RSX-11	propriétaire	?	?	historic	PDP-11	n/a
RT-11	propriétaire	?	general purpose	arreté	PDP-11	n/a
RTAI	?	?	?	?	?	[37]
RTEMS	GNU GPL modifiè	?	Système embarqué	active	ARM, Blackfin, ColdFire, TI C3x/C4x, H8/300, x86, 68k, MIPS, Nios II, PowerPC, SuperH, SPARC, ERC32, LEON, Mongoose-V	[38]
RTLinux	GNU GPL	open source	general purpose	active	same as Linux	[39] Real-Time Linux Wiki
Salvo	?	?	?	?	?	Salvo - RTOS for tiny places (a Pumpkin Inc. TM)
SHaRK	GNU GPL	open source	?	?	?	[40]
SimpleAVROS	GPLv3	Open Source	Embedded	Active, beta	AVR only	n/a
SINTRAN III	?	?	?	?	Norsk Data computers	n/a
SOOS Project	?	?	?	?	?	[41]
Symbian OS	?	?	?	active	ARM	[42]
Talon DSP RTOS	propriétaire	?	Système embarqué (DSP)	active	TMS320	[43]
THEOS	?	?	?	?	?	[44]
ThreadX	propriétaire	available to customers	?	active	ARC, ARM/Thumb, AVR32, BlackFin, ColdFire/68K, H8/300H, Luminary Micro Stellaris, M-CORE, MicroBlaze, PIC24/dsPIC, PIC32, MIPS, V8xx, Nios II, PowerPC, SH, SHARC, StarCore, STM32, StrongARM, TMS320C54x, TMS320C6x, x86/x386, XScale, Xtensa/Diamond, ZSP	[45]
Trampoline Operating System (OSEK)	GNU LGPL	open source	Système embarqué	active	AVR, H8/300H, POSIX, NEC V850e, ARM7, Infineon C166, HCS12 or PowerPC	[46]
TNKernel	BSD	open source	Système embarqué	active	ARM, PIC24/dsPIC, HCS08	[47]
Transaction Processing Facility	propriétaire	?	general purpose	active	IBM System/360 derivatives	[48]
TRON Project	open?	mixed	mixed	active	any	Not an implementation, but a specification [49]
TUD:OS	GNU GPL	open source	?	?	IA-32	[50]
Ubuntu Studio	GNU GPL	open source	Audio, image and sound	active	?	[51]
UNIX-RTR	?	?	?	?	PDP-11	?
u-velOSity	?	?	microkernel	active	?	[52]
velOSity	?	?	?	active	Power Architecture, ARM/XScale, MIPS, x86/Pentium, ColdFire, Blackfin, OMAP, DaVinci	[53]
VRTX	?	?	?	?	ARM, MIPS, PowerPC, RISC	[54]
VxWorks	propriétaire	?	Système embarqué	active	ARM, IA32, MIPS, PowerPC, SH-4, StrongARM, xScale	[55]
Windows CE	propriétaire	?	?	active	x86, MIPS, ARM, SuperH	[56]
Xenomai	GPLv2	Open Source	general	active	x86, x86_64, PowerPC, ARM, Analog Devices Blackfin BF52x, BF53x, BF54x and BF56x	[57]
µnOS	?	?	?	historic	Motorola 68k	?
Erika Enterprise	GPL	Open Source	?	active	ARM7, H8 (Hitachi), Nios2 (Altera), dsPIC33 (Microchip), ST10 (ST Microelectronics)/C167 (Infineon)	[58]