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'''Mary Broadfoot Walker''' (1888-1974) est une femme médecin [[Royaume-Uni|britannique]] à qui l'on doit la démonstration de l'efficacité de la [[physostigmine]] dans le traitement de la [[myasthénie]]. |
'''Mary Broadfoot Walker''' (1888-1974) est une femme médecin [[Royaume-Uni|britannique]] à qui l'on doit la démonstration de l'efficacité de la [[physostigmine]] dans le traitement de la [[myasthénie]]. |
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Mary Walker was born at Croft-an-Righ, [[Wigtown]], [[Scotland]] in 1888, one of four children and the daughter of a Judge. After school she trained in medicine at Glasgow & Edinburgh Medical College for Women, graduating with MBChB in 1913. During the First World War she served with the [[Royal Army Medical Corps]] at the 63rd General Hospital, [[Malta]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Pearce JM |title=Mary Broadfoot Walker (1888-1974): a historic discovery in myasthenia gravis |journal=Eur. Neurol. |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=51–3 |year=2005 |pmid=15746548 |doi=10.1159/000084268}}</ref> In 1920 she became a salaried Assistant Medical Officer in [[Poor Law|"Poor Law Service"]] at St. Alfege's Hospital, Greenwich, London, where she worked until 1936.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Johnston JD |title=Mary Broadfoot Walker (1888-1974) |journal=J. Neurol. |volume=254 |issue=9 |pages=1306–7 |year=2007 |month=September |pmid=18000738 |doi=10.1007/s00415-007-0663-z}}</ref> During this time she was awarded [[Membership of the Royal College of Physicians]], London, in 1932. She then worked at St. Leonard's Hospital, Shoreditch, St. Francis' Hospital, Dulwich and St. Benedict's Hospital, Tooting, before retiring to Croft-an-Righ in 1954. In 1934, while working at St. Alfege's Hospital, Dr. Walker discovered that the subcutaneous injection of physostigmine could temporarily reverse the muscle weakness found in patients suffering from myasthenia gravis. She had noted that the the symptoms and signs of myasthenia were similar to those found in [[curare]] poisoning, and physostigmine was used as an an antidote to curare poisoning at that time.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mgauk.org/mganews/0203-02.htm |title=Dr Mary Walker - A Pioneer in the Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis |format= |work=MG -association UK |accessdate=2008-11-23}}</ref> The first case of myasthenia gravis successfully treated with physostigmine was published in ''[[the Lancet]]'' in June 1934.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Walker MB | title=Treatment of myasthenia gravis with physostigmine | journal=Lancet | year=1934 | volume=1 | pages=1200–1201 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(00)94294-6}}</ref> In 1935 Mary Walker was the first to recognise the association between the condition [[Hypokalemic periodic paralysis|familial periodic paralysis]] and [[hypokalaemia]] (low blood potassium levels).<ref>{{cite journal | author=Walker MB | title=Potassium chloride in myasthenia gravis | journal=Lancet | year=1935 | volume=2 | pages=47 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(01)09382-5}}</ref> She also described the glucose challenge test used in diagnosing hypokalaemic periodic paralysis and the use of intravenous potassium in its treatment.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Aitken RS, Allot EN, Gastelden LIM, Walker MB | title=Observations on a case of familial periodic paralysis | journal=Clin Sci | year=1937 | volume=3 | pages=47–57}}</ref> During 1935 her research on myasthenia was incorporated into her MD thesis which was submitted via the [[University of Edinburgh]], and for which she received a Gold Medal.<ref>{{cite book | title=Edinburgh University Calendar 1937-1938 | pages=581 | publisher=James Thin | location=Edinburgh | year=1937}}</ref> Although she never became a Fellow of the [[Royal College of Physicians]], she was awarded the Jean Hunter Prize in 1962 ''"for the advancement of research into the treatment of nervous exhaustion and for her original contribution to the fundamental knowledge of the nature of myasthenia gravis, made while carrying out the routine duties of a medical officer at a large metropolitan hospital".'' After her retirement in 1954, she continued to work part time at the Glasgow Royal Maternity & Women's Hospital, and remained active in the field of myasthenia gravis.<ref>Letter to Miss Sylvia Bates advocating controlled trial of thymectomy to ascertain its role in the management of myasthenia gravis</ref><ref name=Walker1973>{{cite journal |author=Walker MB |title=Some discoveries on myasthenia gravis: the background |journal=Br Med J |volume=2 |issue=5857 |pages=42–3 |year=1973 |month=April |pmid=4572033 |pmc=1588990}}</ref> Her 1973 article also describes ''the Mary Walker Effect'', a clinical sign found in myasthenia gravis.<ref name=Walker1973/> She died in September 1974 at the age of 86.<ref>{{cite journal | title=Obituary | journal=Lancet | year=1974 | pages=1401 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(74)92285-5 | volume=304}}</ref> |
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==Références== |
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== Lien externe == |
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* [http://www.rootatlas.com/wordpress/video/59/myasthenia-gravis-the-mary-walker-prostigmin-effect-video/ Un film de 1935 illustrant l'effet de la prostigmine dans la myasthénie] |
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Version du 22 avril 2009 à 21:51
Cet article est une ébauche concernant la neurologie, une femme-médecin et une personnalité britannique.
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Pour les articles homonymes, voir Walker et Mary Walker (homonymie).
Mary Broadfoot Walker (1888-1974) est une femme médecin britannique à qui l'on doit la démonstration de l'efficacité de la physostigmine dans le traitement de la myasthénie.
