Utilisateur:Shalmeneser/Brouillon
Pour les articles homonymes, voir Pai gow poker.
Pai gow (chinois : 牌九; pinyin: pái jiǔ; jyutping: paai4 gau2) est un jeu de pari Chinois, joué avec un jeu de 32 dominos chinois. On y joue officiellement dans les casinos de Chine (y compris Macao); aux États-Unis; au Canada; en Australie et en Nouvelle-Zélande. Ce jeu remonte au moins à la dynastie Song.
Le nom "pai gow" s'utilise aussi en référence au jeu de cartes appelé pai gow poker, qui est plus ou moins basé sur le pai gow. Pai gow se traduirait par "faire 9".
Il y a 35960 combinaisons possibles de 4 dominos.
Règles[modifier | modifier le code]
Début[modifier | modifier le code]
Les dominos sont mélangés sur la table et empilés en huit piles de quatre dominos chacun assemblées entre-elles pour former une bûche. Plusieurs "mélanges" rituels sont effectués pour réarranger la bûche. Les paris sont lancés.
Ensuite, chaque joueur (ainsi que le croupier) reçoit quatre dominos avec lesquels il doit faire deux mains de deux dominos chacune. La main de plus faible valeur s'appelle la main avant, et celle de plus forte valeur la main arrière. Si la main avant d'un joueur bat la main avant du croupier, alors ce joueur gagne la mise. Si les mains avant et arrière d'un joueur perdent devant les mains respectives du croupier, alors ce joueur perd la mise. Si une main est gagnante et l'autre perdante, alors le joueur est rejeté et reprend uniquement sa propre mise. Les joueurs, en général au nombre de sept, comparent leurs mains uniquement avec le croupier.
Compte de base[modifier | modifier le code]
Le nom "pai gow" pourrait se traduire pas "faire neuf" ou "carte neuf". Cela traduit le fait que, à part quelques exceptions concernant les hauts-scores, la meilleure main vaut neuf. Pour déterminer la valeur d'une main, il suffit de compter le nombre total de points des deux dominos et de ne retenir que le nombre des unités (modulo 10). Ainsi, un domino 1-3 (avec un trou d'un bord et trois trous de l'autre bord) avec un domino 2-3 donnent un total de 9. Les dominos 2-3 et 5-6 totalisent 16 trous mais ne comptent que pour 6.
So for instance, a 1-3 tile (a tile with one pip on one end and three pips on the other, for a total of four pips) used with a 2-3 tile (with five total pips) will score nine, since four plus five is nine. A 2-3 tile with a 5-6 tile will score six, and not sixteen, as the "1" in "16" is dropped. And a 5-5 tile with a 4-6 tile will score zero, since ten plus ten is twenty, and twenty reduces to zero when the tens place is dropped.
Gongs and Wongs[modifier | modifier le code]
There are special ways in which a hand can score more than nine points. The double-one tiles and double-six tiles are known as the Day and Teen tiles, respectively. If a Day or Teen tile is used with an eight, the pair is worth ten instead of the usual zero. (This is called a Gong.) If a Day or Teen tile is used with a nine, the hand is worth eleven instead of one. (This is called a Wong.) But a Day or Teen tile used with a ten is only worth two, not twelve; this is because only eights and nines can be combined with Days or Teens for higher values. (In other words, when Day or Teen tiles are combined with tiles other than an eight or nine, follow the normal scoring rules.)
Gee Joon tiles[modifier | modifier le code]
The 1-2 and the 2-4 tiles are called Gee Joon tiles (or sometimes called wildcards). Either tile can count as 3 or 6, whichever scores more. So a 1-2 tile can be used with a 5-6 tile to make a hand worth seven points, rather than four.
Pairs[modifier | modifier le code]
The 32 tiles in a Chinese dominoes set can be arranged into 16 pairs, as shown in the picture at the top of this article. Eleven of these pairs have identical tiles, and five of these pairs are made up of two tiles that score the same, but look different. (The latter group includes the Gee Joon tiles, which can score the same, whether as three or six.) If a hand is made up of a pair, it always scores higher than a non-pair, no matter what the value of the pips are. (Pairs are often thought of as being worth 12 points each.)
When two pairs are compared, the higher-valued pair wins. This is not determined by the sum of their pips, but by aesthetics. It must be memorized which pairs score more than other pairs. The highest pairs are the Gee Joon tiles, the Teens, the Days, and the red eights. The lowest scoring pairs are the mismatched nines, eights, sevens, and fives. But even the lowest-scoring pair will beat any non-pair.
Ties[modifier | modifier le code]
When one of a player's hands is compared to one of the banker's hands, it sometimes happens that both will have the same score. For instance, a player may have a front hand worth one point, consisting of a 3-4 tile and a 2-2 tile, and the banker may have a front hand also worth one point, made up of a 5-6 tile and a 5-5 tile. In these cases, determine which tile in each hand has a higher value, as determined by the pair rankings mentioned above. In this case, the 2-2 tile is in a higher-ranking pair than the 3-4 tile, and the 5-5 tile is in a higher-ranking pair than the 5-6 tile. (Again, the rankings of the pairs follows no obvious pattern and must be memorized.) Since the 5-5 pair outranks the 2-2 pair, the banker would win this front hand.
In the event of a tied point-value where the highest tile in both the player and the banker's hand is identical, the hand is called a copy, and the win goes to the banker. For example, a player may have a front hand worth 8 points, with a 4-4 tile and a 5-5 tile, and the banker may also have a front hand worth 8 points, with a 4-4 tile and a 6-4 tile. Since only the best tile in the hand is used to evaluate ties, the red eight 4-4 tile is used, and the hand is a copy. Ties are never broken by comparing the second-best tile. Similarly, the banker would win a tied hand where the banker has a 3-6 tile with a 3-4 tile, for a total of 6, against the player's 5-4 tile with a 5-2 tile, also totaling 6. Here all four tiles in both hands are identical, and the copy goes to the banker.
There are two exceptions to the method described above. First, although the Gee Joon tiles form the highest-ranking pair, they are considered to have no value when evaluating ties. Second, any zero-zero tie is won by the Banker, regardless of the tiles in the hand.
Strategy[modifier | modifier le code]
The key element of pai gow strategy is to present the optimal front hand and rear hand given four tiles dealt to the player. There are three ways to arrange four tiles into two hands, though practically some combinations may be the same.
For instance, consider the four tiles at right. If tile A were made into a hand with tile B both resulting hands would score zero. However, if tile A were paired with tile C, both hands would score 5. Or if tile A were paired with tile D, the front hand would score 3 and the rear hand would score 7. The player must decide which front hand-back hand combination is most likely to beat both of the dealers' hands, or at least to break a tie in the player's favor. In some cases a player with weaker tiles may deliberately attempt to attain a push so as to avoid losing the bet outright. Many players rely on superstition or tradition to choose tile pairings.
See also[modifier | modifier le code]
External links[modifier | modifier le code]
{{Gambling}} [[Category:Cantonese words and phrases]] [[Category:Chinese dominoes]] [[Category:Chinese games]] [[Category:Gambling games]] [[Category:Chinese ancient games]] [[Category:Chinese inventions]]