Utilisateur:Gypsophyle45/Brouillon

Une page de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.
Katharine Jefferts Schori, elected in 2006 as Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church, became the first woman to hold that office and therefore the first woman to become a primate in the Anglican Communion.[1]

The ordination of women in the Anglican Communion has been increasingly common in certain provinces since the 1970s. Several provinces, however, and certain dioceses within otherwise ordaining provinces, continue to ordain only men . Disputes over the ordination of women have contributed to the establishment and growth of conservative separatist tendencies, such the Anglican realignment and Continuing Anglican movements.

L' ordination des femmes dans la communion anglicane traditionnelle est devenue de plus en plus courante dans certaines provinces depuis les années 1970. Cependant, plusieurs provinces et certains diocèses dépourvus de provinces continue d'ordiner uniquement des hommes. Les disputes concernant l'ordination des femmes ont contribué à la création et à l'expansion de tendances séparatistes conservatrices dont le réalignement anglican et le mouvement anglican continué.

Some provinces within the Anglican Communion ordain women to the three traditional holy orders of bishop, priest and deacon. Other provinces ordain women as deacons and priests but not as bishops; others still as deacons only; and seven provinces do not approve the ordination of women to any order of ministry.

Quelques provinces dans la Communion anglicanne prescrivent des femmes aux trois ordres traditionnels d'évêque, le prêtre et le diacre. D'autres provinces prescrivent des femmes comme des diacres et des prêtres, mais pas comme des évêques; d'autres toujours comme diacres seulement; et sept provinces n'approuvent pas l'ordination de femmes à aucun ordre de ministère

Within provinces which permit the ordination of women, approval of enabling legislation is largely a diocesan responsibility. There may, however, be individual dioceses which do not endorse the legislation, or do so only in a modified form, as in those dioceses which ordain women only to the diaconate (such as the Diocese of Sydney in the Anglican Church of Australia), regardless of the fact that the ordination of women to all three orders of ministry is canonically possible.

Dans les provinces qui permettent l'ordination de femmes, l'approbation de permettre la législation est en grande partie une responsabilité diocésaine. Il peut, cependant, y avoir les diocèses individuels qui n'approuvent pas la législation, ou font si seulement en forme modifiée, que dans ces diocèses qui prescrivent des femmes seulement au diaconat (comme le Diocèse de Sydney dans l'Église anglicanne de l'Australie), indépendamment du fait que l'ordination de femmes à tous les trois ordres de ministère est canoniquement possible.

Overview[modifier | modifier le code]

The current situation regarding women's ordination in the Anglican Communion can be seen in the following table:

Bishops (consecrated) Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia; Australia; Canada; England; Ireland; Southern Africa; South India; United States; Cuba (extra-provincial diocese)[réf. nécessaire]
Bishops (none yet consecrated) Bangladesh, Brazil, Central America, Hong Kong, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, North India, Philippines, Scotland, Sudan, Uganda, Wales [réf. nécessaire]
Priests Burundi, Indian Ocean, Jerusalem and the Middle East, Korea, Rwanda, Southern Cone,[2] West Indies, West Africa[réf. nécessaire]
Deacons Congo, Pakistan, Tanzania[réf. nécessaire]
No ordination of women Central Africa, Melanesia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, South East Asia[réf. nécessaire]

Ordination of priests[modifier | modifier le code]

The first woman ordained to the priesthood in the Anglican Communion was Florence Li Tim-Oi, who was ordained on 25 January 1944 by Ronald Hall, Bishop of Victoria, Hong Kong, in response to the crisis among Anglican Christians in China caused by the Japanese invasion. To avoid controversy, she resigned her licence (though not her priestly orders) after the end of the war.

La première femme a prescrit au sacerdoce dans la Communion anglicanne était la Florence le Tim-Oi de Li, qui a été prescrit le 25 janvier 1944 par Ronald Hall, l'Évêque de Victoria, Hong-Kong, en réponse à la crise parmi des Chrétiens anglicans en Chine causée par l'invasion japonaise. Pour éviter la controverse, elle a résigné sa licence (quoique pas ses ordres de prêtre) après la fin de la guerre.

In 1971, the Synod of Hong Kong and Macao became the first Anglican province to officially permit the ordination of women to the priesthood. Jane Hwang and Joyce Bennett were ordained as priests by Gilbert Baker, Bishop of Hong Kong and Macao. At the same time, Li Tim-Oi was officially recognised again as a priest.[3]

En 1971, le Synode de Hong-Kong et Macao est devenu la première province anglicane à officiellement permettre l'ordination de femmes au sacerdoce. Jane Hwang et Joyce Bennett ont été prescrits comme des prêtres par Gilbert Baker, l'Évêque de Hong-Kong et Macao. En même temps, Li le Tim-Oi a été officiellement reconnu de nouveau comme un prêtre.

In 1974, in the United States, 11 women (known as the "Philadelphia Eleven") were controversially ordained to the priesthood in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by three retired Episcopal Church bishops (Dan Corrigan, Robert DeWitt and Edward R. Welles). Four more women (the "Washington Four") were ordained in 1975 in Washington D.C. by George W. Barrett, retired Bishop of Rochester, New York. All of these ordinations were ruled "irregular" because they had been done without the authorization of the Episcopal Church's General Convention. The ordinations were regularized in 1976 following the approval by the General Convention of measures to provide for the ordination of women to the priesthood and the episcopate.[4] The first regular ordination occurred on 1 January 1977, when Jacqueline Means was ordained at the Episcopal Church of All Saints, Indianapolis.[5]

En 1974, aux États-Unis, 11 femmes (connu comme "Philadelphie Onze") a été de façon controversée prescrite au sacerdoce à Philadelphie, la Pennsylvanie, par trois évêques d'Église épiscopalienne retraités (Dan Corrigan, Robert DeWitt et Edward R. Welles). Encore quatre femmes ("Washington Quatre") ont été prescrites en 1975 à Washington D.C. par George W. Barrett, Évêque retraité de Rochester, New York. Toutes ces ordinations ont été gouvernées(décidées) "irrégulières" parce qu'ils avaient été faits sans l'autorisation de la Convention Générale de l'Église épiscopalienne. Les ordinations ont été régularisées en 1976 après l'approbation selon la Convention Générale de mesures pour prévoir(pourvoir) l'ordination de femmes au sacerdoce et l'épiscopat. La première ordination régulière est arrivée le 1 janvier 1977, quand Jacqueline Means a été prescrit à l'Église épiscopalienne de Tous les Saints, Indianapolis.

In 1975, the General Synod of the Anglican Church of Canada (ACC) passed enabling legislation for women priests; the first six women priests in the ACC were ordained on November 30, 1976.[6]

In 1977, the Anglican Church in New Zealand ordained five female priests.[7]

In 1980, the Anglican Church of Kenya agreed in principle that women could be ordained, and that each diocese was to be autonomous in taking up the issue. In 1983, Henry Okullu, bishop of the Diocese of Maseno South in the Anglican Church of Kenya, ordained Lucia Okuthe as priest.[8] In the same year, William Rukirande, Bishop of Kigezi in the Church of Uganda, ordained three women as priest, Monica Sebidega, Deborah Micungwa Rukara and Margaret Kizanye Byekwaso.[9] Formal legislation for the ordination of women as priests was ultimately approved in both provinces in 1990.

In 1990, Irene Templeton and Kathleen Young were the first women to be ordained as priests in the Church of Ireland[10]

In 1992, the general synod of the Anglican Church of Australia approved legislation allowing dioceses to decide whether to ordain women to the priesthood. In the same year, 90 women were ordained in Australia and two others who had been ordained overseas were recognised.

Also in 1992, the Anglican Church of Southern Africa authorised the ordination of women as priests and, in September that year, Nancy Charton, Bride Dickson and Sue Groves were ordained in the Diocese of Grahamstown.

The General Synod of the Church of England passed a vote to ordain women in 1992 however it proved controversial. The Act of Synod, passed in 1993, along with further legislation, allowed parishes to not accept ordained women. In 1994 England's first two women priests were ordained.[11] The experience of the first women priests and their congregations was the premise of the television programme The Vicar of Dibley.[12] The legality of the ordination of women in the Church of England was challenged in civil courts by Paul Williamson and others. By 2004, one in five priests was a woman.[11]

In 1994, in the Diocese of Barbados, Sonia Hinds and Beverley Sealy became the first women to be ordained as deacons in the Church in the Province of the West Indies on 25 July, the Feast of St James. In 31 May 1996, on the Feast of the Visitation of Mary to Elizabeth, both women were ordained as priests. Rufus Brome, the first Barbadian-born bishop, presided at both ordinations at the Cathedral of St Michael and All Angels in Bridgetown, Barbados.

The first woman ordained in the Philippines Independent Church was Rosalina Villaruel Rabaria who was ordained priest on 9 February 1997 in the Diocese of Aklan and Capiz.

Ordination of bishops[modifier | modifier le code]

Episcopal Church in the United States[modifier | modifier le code]

The first woman to become a bishop in the Anglican Communion was Barbara Harris, who was ordained suffragan bishop of Massachusetts in the United States in February 1989. Approximately 20 women have since been elected to the episcopate across the church. The election in December 2009 and consecration on 15 May 2010 of Mary Glasspool, who is openly gay and lives with her partner of 20 years, as a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Los Angeles attracted attention owing to the continued controversy over gay bishops in Anglicanism.[13]

The Episcopal Church in the United States has also elected the first woman to become a primate (or senior bishop of a national church), Katharine Jefferts Schori, who was elected as Presiding Bishop and Primate of the Episcopal Church at the 2006 General Convention. She began her nine year term on 3 November 2006. On 23 September 2014, she announced that she would not seek a further term when her appointment ends in 2015.[14]

La première femme à devenir un évêque dans la Communion anglicanne était Barbara Harris, qui a été prescrite évêque suffragant du Massachusetts aux États-Unis en février 1989. Environ 20 femmes ont depuis été élues à l'épiscopat à travers l'église. L'élection en décembre 2009 et la consécration le 15 mai 2010 de Mary Glasspool, qui est ouvertement homosexuelle et vit avec sa partenaire depuis 20 ans, comme un évêque suffragant dans le Diocèse de Los Angeles l'attention attirée par suite de la controverse continue au sujet des évêques homosexuels dans l'Anglicanisme.

L'Église épiscopalienne aux États-Unis a aussi élu la première femme pour devenir l'évêque senior d'une église nationale, Katharine Jefferts Schori, qui a été élue comme l'Évêque Président et le Primate de l'Église épiscopalienne à la Convention Générale 2006. Elle a commencé terme de sa neuvième année le 3 novembre 2006. Le 23 septembre 2014, elle a annoncé qu'elle ne chercherait pas le terme supplémentaire quand sa nomination c'est finit en 2015.

Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia[modifier | modifier le code]

The Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia first ordained women as priests in 1977 and was the first Anglican province to elect a woman as a diocesan bishop when, in 1989, Penny Jamieson was elected Bishop of Dunedin. She retired in 2004. In 2008 the Diocese of Christchurch elected Victoria Matthews, former Bishop of Edmonton in the Anglican Church of Canada, as 8th Bishop of Christchurch. In 2013, Helen-Ann Hartley became the first woman ordained in the Church of England[15] to become a bishop when she was elected as joint diocesan Bishop of Waikato in the Diocese of Waikato and Taranaki.

L'Église anglicanne dans Aotearoa, la Nouvelle-Zélande et la Polynésie a d'abord prescrit des femmes comme des prêtres en 1977 et était la première province anglicane à élire une femme comme un évêque diocésain quand, en 1989, Penny Jamieson a été élu l'Évêque de Dunedin. Elle est partie en retraite en 2004. En 2008 le Diocèse de Christchurch a élu Victoria Matthews, l'ancien Évêque d'Edmonton dans l'Église anglicanne du Canada, comme le 8ème Évêque de Christchurch. En 2013, Helen-Ann Hartley est devenu la première femme prescrite dans l'Église anglicane pour devenir un évêque quand elle a été élue comme l'Évêque diocésain commun de Waikato dans le Diocèse de Waikato et Taranaki.

Anglican Church of Canada[modifier | modifier le code]

Following the first ordinations of women as priests in 1976,[16] the first woman bishop in the Anglican Church of Canada was Victoria Matthews. She was elected suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Toronto on 19 November 1993 and was ordained to the episcopate on 12 February 1994. She later was the first woman to become a diocesan bishop in Canada when she was elected as Bishop of Edmonton in 1997, an office she held until 2007 when she resigned. She was subsequently elected Bishop of Christchurch in the Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia in 2008.

Since Matthews' election, eight more women have been elected to the episcopate in Canada. They are Ann Tottenham (suffragan, Toronto, 1997; retired 2005); Sue Moxley (suffragan, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, 2004; diocesan, 2007; retired 2014); Jane Alexander (diocesan, Edmonton, 2008); Linda Nicholls (suffragan, Toronto, 2008); Barbara Andrews (Bishop Suffragan to the Metropolitan with responsibilities for the Anglican Parishes of the Central Interior, 2009); Lydia Mamakwa (Area Bishop for Northern Ontario within the Diocese of Keewatin, with special responsibility for the predominantly Aboriginal parishes of the area, 2010; subsequently Bishop of Mishamikoweesh, the church's Indigenous Spiritual Ministry with the status of a diocese, established in 2014);[17] Melissa Skelton (diocesan, New Westminster, 2013) and Mary Irwin-Gibson (diocesan Bishop of Montreal, elected 9 June 2015).[18]

Anglican Church of Australia[modifier | modifier le code]

Article connexe : Ordination of women in the Anglican Diocese of Sydney.

The Anglican Church of Australia began to ordain women as priests in 1992 and in the late 1990s embarked on a protracted debate over the ordination of women as bishops, a debate that was ultimately decided though the church's appellate tribunal, which ruled on 28 September 2007 that there is nothing in the church's constitution that would prevent the consecration of a woman priest as a bishop in a diocese which by ordinance has adopted the law of the Church of England Clarification Canon 1992, which paved the way for the ordination of women as priests.

Following the agreement at the April 2008 bishops' conference of the "Women in the Episcopate" protocol for the provision of pastoral care to those who cannot in conscience accept the ministry of a woman bishop, the first women ordained as bishops were Kay Goldsworthy (assistant bishop, Diocese of Perth) on 22 May 2008 (subsequently elected 12th bishop of the Diocese of Gippsland in the south-eastern Australian state of Victoria and installed on 21 March 2015; and Barbara Darling (assistant bishop, Anglican Diocese of Melbourne) on 31 May 2008.

Four more women have since been ordained as bishops: Genieve Blackwell, Regional Bishop in Wagga Wagga and subsequently an assistant bishop in the Diocese of Melbourne (31 March 2012); Alison Taylor, Bishop of the Southern Region, Diocese of Brisbane (6 April 2013); Sarah Macneil, Bishop of Grafton, who was the first woman to be a diocesan bishop in the church (1 March 2014); and Kate Wilmot, an assistant bishop in the Diocese of Perth (6 August 2015).[19]

Anglican Church of Southern Africa[modifier | modifier le code]

The first women to become a bishop in the Anglican Church of South Africa was Ellinah Ntombi Wamukoya, who was elected bishop of the Diocese of Swaziland on 18 July 2012[20] and ordained and installed on 10 November 2012.[21] Her appointment was closely followed by the election, on 12 October 2012,[22] of Margaret Vertue as bishop of the Diocese of False Bay. She was consecrated and installed on 19 January 2013.[23]

Les premières femmes à devenir un évêque dans l'Église anglicanne de l'Afrique du Sud étaient Ellinah Ntombi Wamukoya, qui a été élu l'évêque du Diocèse de Swaziland le 18 juillet 2012 et prescrit et installé le 10 novembre 2012. Sa nomination a été étroitement suivi par l'élection, le 12 octobre 2012, de Margaret Vertue comme l'évêque du Diocèse de Baie Fausse. Elle a été consacrée et installée le 19 janvier 2013.

Church in Wales[modifier | modifier le code]

On 2 April 2008, the Governing Body of the Church in Wales considered, but did not pass, a bill to enable women to be ordained as bishops. Though the bill was passed by the House of Laity (52 to 19) and the House of Bishops (unanimously), it failed by three votes (27 to 18) to secure the required minimum two-thirds majority in the House of Clerics. However, the Church in Wales decisively ended the role of provincial bishop, whose responsibility was to minister to opponents. On 12 September 2013, the Governing Body passed a bill to enable women to be ordained as bishops, although none will be ordained for at least a year.[24] [25]

Le 2 Avril 2008, le gouvernement directeur de l'église au pays de Galles a considéré, mais pas accepté, le projet de loi pour permettre des femmes à êtres prescrites comme des évêques. Quoique le projet de loi soit passé par la maison de Laïcs et la maison des évêques, il eu que trois votes au lieu des deux-tiers minimum exigés dans la Maison d'Ecclésiastiques.Cependant, l'Église au Pays de galles a de manière décisive fini le rôle d'évêque provincial, dont la responsabilité était au ministre adversaires.Le 12 septembre 2013, l'Organe directeur a passé une facture pour permettre aux femmes d'être prescrit comme évêque,bien qu'aucun ne soit prescrit pour au moins une année.

Church of England[modifier | modifier le code]

In 2005, 2006 and 2008 the General Synod of the Church of England voted in favour of removing the legal obstacles preventing women from becoming bishops. The process did not progress quickly due to problems in providing appropriate mechanisms for the protection of those who cannot accept this development. On 7 July 2008 the synod held a more than seven hour debate on the subject and narrowly voted in favour of a national statutory code of practice to make provision for opponents, though more radical provisions (such as separate structures or overseeing bishops) proposed by opponents of the measure failed to win the majority required across each of the three houses (bishops, clergy and laity).[26]

The task of taking this proposal further fell largely to a revision committee established by the synod to consider the draft legislation on enabling women to become bishops in the Church of England. When, in October 2009, the revision committee released a statement[27] indicating its proposals would include a plan to vest some functions by law in male bishops who would provide oversight for those unable to receive ministry of women as bishops or priests, there was widespread concern both within and outside the Church of England about the appropriateness of such legislation. In the light of the negative reaction to the proposal, the revision committee subsequently announced the abandonment of this recommendation.[28]

The synod, meeting in York from 9 to 12 July 2010, considered a measure that again endorsed the ordination of women as bishops. The measure included provisions for individual bishops to allow alternative oversight for traditionalists who object to serving under them, but opponents of the measure argued for stronger provisions. A compromise plan put forward by the archbishops of Canterbury and York (involving the creation of a mechanism providing for "co-ordinate jurisdiction" in parishes refusing the ministry of a bishop who is a woman whereby another bishop would fulfil episcopal function) was endorsed by the House of Bishops and the House of Laity but narrowly failed (90 votes against to 85 in favour) in the House of Clergy.[29] The draft measure, with only minor amendments, passed in all three houses on 12 July 2010, to be considered by individual dioceses. The measure was approved by 42 of the 44 dioceses, but an amendment by the House of Bishops, offering further concessions to opponents, meant that many proponents of the measure would have reluctantly voted it down, and the synod at York in July 2012 adjourned the decision to a later synod.[30]

On 20 November 2012, the General Synod failed to pass the proposed legislation for the ordination of women as bishops. The measure was lost after narrowly failing to achieve the two-thirds majority required in the House of Laity after being passed by the House of Bishops and the House of Clergy.[31]

At its meeting on 7 February 2013, the House of Bishops decided that eight senior women clergy, elected regionally, would participate in all meetings of the house until such time as there were six women who were bishops sitting as of right.[32]

In May 2013 the House of Bishops expressed its commitment "to publishing new ways forward to enable women to become bishops."[33] In July 2013, the synod decided to reintroduce legislation to be addressed in November.

In November 2013 the General Synod approved a package of measures as the next steps to enable women to become bishops, generally welcoming a package of proposals outlined for Draft Legislation of Women in the Episcopate (GS 1924). The steering committee's package of proposals followed the mandate set by the July synod and included the first draft of a House of Bishops declaration and a disputes resolution procedure. The debate invited the synod to welcome the proposals and five guiding principles already agreed by the House of Bishops.

The General Synod again considered the matter in February 2014 and sent further draft legislation to all the dioceses of the Church of England. All dioceses that were able to meet within the necessary time frame (43 of 44) approved the draft legislation in time for it be debated at the General Synod in York in July 2014. That legislation passed all three houses of General Synod on 14 July 2014, achieving the two-thirds majority required in all three.[34] It gained the necessary parliamentary approvals and royal assent in the subsequent months and was finally approved by the General Synod on 17 November 2014.[35]

The first woman to be ordained as a bishop in the Church of England was Libby Lane, whose appointment as Bishop of Stockport (a suffragan see in the Diocese of Chester) was announced on 17 December 2014. She was consecrated at York Minster on 26 January 2015 (the Feast of the Conversion of St Paul).[36] Alison White was appointed Bishop of Hull (suffragan, Diocese of York) on 25 March 2015[37] and consecrated at York Minister on 3 July 2015 (the Feast of St Thomas).[38]

The third woman to be appointed bishop, and the first to be a diocesan bishop, is Rachel Treweek, whose appointment as Bishop of Gloucester was announced on 26 March 2015.[39] In July 2015 she and Sarah Mullally (as Bishop of Crediton) were the first women to be ordained as bishops at Canterbury Cathedral.[40] Pursuant to the Lords Spiritual (Women) Act 2015,[41] which makes time-limited provision for vacancies among the Lords Spiritual (the bishops who are members of the House of Lords) to be filled by diocesan bishops who are women, Treweek will also become the first to sit in the House of Lords.

On 30 June 2015 the appointment of Ruth Worsley to be the Bishop of Taunton (suffragan, Diocese of Bath and Wells) was announced.[42] On 2 July 2015 the appointment of Anne Hollinghurst as the Bishop of Aston (suffragan, Diocese of Birmingham) was announced.[43] Both are due to be consecrated at St Paul’s Cathedral, London, on 29 September (the Feast of St Michael and All Angels).

On 2 September 2015, it was announced that Christine Hardman is to become the Bishop of Newcastle[44] and, therefore, the second woman to be a diocesan bishop in the Church of England and the first in the Province of York. Hardman became Bishop of Newcastle upon the confirmation of her election on 22 September 2015; her consecration has been scheduled for 30 November 2015 at York Minster.[45]

Church of Ireland[modifier | modifier le code]

The Church of Ireland approved the ordination of women as priests and bishops in 1990 and the first women were ordained as priests on 24 June 24 that year. The first woman in the episcopate was Pat Storey, who was consecrated Bishop of Meath and Kildare on 1 December 2013.

L'Église d'Irlande a approuvé l'ordination de femmes comme des prêtres et des évêques en 1990 et les premières femmes ont été prescrites comme des prêtres le 24 juin cette année. La première femme dans l'épiscopat était l'Étage Tout prêt, qui a été consacré l'Évêque de Meath et Kildare le 1 décembre 2013.

Church of South India[modifier | modifier le code]

The Church of South India has admitted women to holy orders since its foundation in 1947. Eggoni Pushpa Lalitha was the first woman elected as a bishop on 25 September 2013.[46] She was ordained and installed as bishop of the Diocese of Nandyal on 29 September 2013.[47]

L'Église de l'Inde du sud a admis des femmes aux ordres depuis sa fondation en 1947. Eggoni Pushpa Lalitha était la première femme élue comme un évêque le 25 septembre 2013. Elle a été prescrite et installée comme l'évêque du Diocèse de Nandyal le 29 septembre 2013.

Scottish Episcopal Church[modifier | modifier le code]

The Scottish Episcopal Church ordained its first women as priests in 1994 and in 2003 provided for the ordination of women as bishops. The nomination of Alison Peden as one of three nominees for election as Bishop of Glasgow and Galloway in January 2010 attracted wide attention.[48]

L'Église épiscopalienne écossaise a prescrit ses premières femmes comme des prêtres en 1994 et en 2003 a pourvu l'ordination de femmes comme des évêques. La nomination d'Alison Peden comme un des trois candidats à l'élection comme l'Évêque de Glasgow et Galloway en janvier 2010 a attiré la large attention.

In addition to the 38 provinces of the Anglican Communion, there are six Extra-provincial Anglican churches which function semi-autonomously under limited metropolitical oversight and are largely self-determining when it comes to the ordained ministry. Several have provided for the ordination of women as priests for some years.

The Episcopal Church of Cuba is the only extra-provincial church to ordain women as bishops, the first of whom was Nerva Cot Aguilera who was appointed as a bishop suffragan in 2007.[49] Aguilera was appointed by the Metropolitan Council, the ecclesiastical authority for the Episcopal Church of Cuba which in January 2010 appointed Griselda Delgato Del Carpio (who, along with Aguilera, was one of the first two women priests ordained in Cuba in 1986) as bishop coadjutor (assistant bishop with the right of succession).[50] She was ordained to the episcopate on 7 February 2010 and installed as diocesan on 28 November 2010[51] following the retirement of Miguel Tamayo-Zaldívar.

En plus des 38 provinces de la Communion anglicanne, il y a six églises anglicannes Extra-provinciales qui fonctionnent en semi-autonomement la surveillance metropolitical limitée et sont en grande partie autodéterminantes lorsqu'il s'agit du ministère prescrit. Plusieurs ont prévu l'ordination de femmes comme des prêtres pendant quelques années.

L'Église épiscopalienne de Cuba est la seule église extra-provinciale pour prescrire des femmes comme des évêques, le premier de ce qui était le Lit Nerva Aguilera qui a été nommé comme un suffragant d'évêque en 2007. Aguilera a été nommé par le Conseil Métropolitain, l'autorité ecclésiastique pour l'Église épiscopalienne de Cuba qui en janvier 2010 a nommé Griselda Delgato Del Carpio (qui, avec Aguilera, était un des deux premiers prêtres femmes prescrits à Cuba en 1986) comme le coadjuteur d'évêque (l'assistant évêque avec le droit de succession). Elle a été prescrite à l'épiscopat le 7 février 2010 installée et comme diocésain le 28 novembre 2010 après la retraite de Miguel Tamayo-Zaldívar.

Controversies and breakaway groups[modifier | modifier le code]

The ordination of women has been a controversial issue throughout the Anglican Communion. While the majority of the 38 provinces of the Anglican Communion ordain women as priests, and many have removed all barriers to women becoming bishops, some have taken formal or informal steps to provide pastoral care and support for those who cannot in conscience accept the ministry of women as priests and bishops. The Church of England, for example, has created the office of provincial episcopal visitor (colloquially known as "flying bishops") to minister to clergy, laity and parishes who do not in conscience accept the ministry of women priests. These are suffragan bishops, appointed by the metropolitans, whose main purpose is to be available for this ministry.

There have been a number of protest groups established by conservative Anglicans who see the ordination of women as representative of a trend away from traditional or orthodox doctrine. A network for opponents of women's ordination called the Evangelical and Catholic Mission was established in 1976, and following the consecration of Barbara Harris as the first woman bishop in Anglicanism in 1989, a group of 22 active and retired bishops established the Episcopal Synod of America,[52] subsequently Forward in Faith North America. A sister organisation, Forward in Faith UK, was established in 1992.

There have also been a number of breakaway groups. Following the Congress of St. Louis in 1977, the Continuing Anglican Movement developed which sought to provide a formal ecclesiastical structure for those who felt unable to remain within mainstream Anglicanism. The larger groupings within the Continuing movement have been increasingly active since the publication by Pope Benedict XVI of the Apostolic Constitution Anglicanorum Coetibus[53] in November 2009. Anglicanorum Coetibus provides a canonical structure for groups of former Anglicans to enter into full communion with the Roman Catholic Church, with formal structures in the form of personal ordinariates now in place in Great Britain, the United States and Australia.

The long-term impact of Anglicanorum Coetibus on the Continuing movement is unknown, though there is a clear realisation that the loss of significant groups and their associated resources, especially to the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter in the United States, necessitates the need for discussion and discernment between the ongoing affiliates of the movement.[54]

See also[modifier | modifier le code]

References[modifier | modifier le code]

  1. ↑ « US Episcopal Church installs first female presiding bishop », Australia, Journeyonline.com.au, (consulté le )
  2. ↑ http://www.anglicanjournal.com/articles/first-female-priests-ordained-in-uruguay
  3. ↑ "When Hong Kong ordained two further women priests in 1971 (Joyce Bennett and Jane Hwang), Florence Li Tim-Oi was officially recognised as a priest by the diocese" http://anorderlyaccount.com/index.php/static2/the_ac_tec_and_acna
  4. ↑ « Bill Moyers Journal . Homosexuality and the Episcopal Church (1976-2007) », PBS, (consulté le )
  5. ↑ "Woman Episcopal Priest Celebrates Communion", New York Times, 3 January 1977.
  6. ↑ « Ordination of Women in the Anglican Church of Canada (Deacons, Priests and Bishops) », Anglican.ca (consulté le )
  7. ↑ « Female ordination in the Episcopal Church, USA (ECUSA) », Religioustolerance.org, (consulté le )
  8. ↑ Jemima Atieno Oluoch (2006), The Christian Political Theology of Dr. John Henry Okullu, Regnum, p. 63.
  9. ↑ C. Byaruhanga (2010), "Called by God but Ordained by Men: The Work and Ministry of Reverend Florence Spetume Njangali in the Church of the Province of Uganda", Journal of Anglican Studies, 8, pp. 219-239.
  10. ↑ D. McCready, "The ordination of women in the Church of Ireland", Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section C: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, History, Linguistics, Literature Vol. 106C, (2006), pp. 367-394.
  11. ↑ a et b (en) « Church of England », BBC,‎ (lire en ligne)
  12. ↑ (en) Joy Carroll, Beneath the Cassock: The Real-life Vicar of Dibley, HarperCollins, (ISBN 0-00-712207-1)
  13. ↑ Episcopal Life Online, 15 May 2010.
  14. ↑ "Statement from the Presiding Bishop"
  15. ↑ « Sunderland woman is Church of England’s first female priest to become a bishop – in New Zealand », http://www.sunderlandecho.com, (consulté le )
  16. ↑ "Ordination of Women in the Anglican Church of Canada"
  17. ↑ Wawatay News Online, 13 May 2010.
  18. ↑ Anglican Journal, 6 June 2015.
  19. ↑ "Announcement by the Archbishop of Perth", 9 May 2015.
  20. ↑ http://www.anglicannews.org/news/2012/07/[updated]-first-female-anglican-bishop-for-africa-elected-in-a-spirit-filled-atmosphere.aspx
  21. ↑ « Swaziland’s Ellinah Wamukoya becomes Africa’s first female bishop », Episcopaldigitalnetwork.com, (consulté le )
  22. ↑ « Second female Anglican bishop elected by Southern Africa », Anglicannews.org, (consulté le )
  23. ↑ Ray Hartle., « SA chooses female bishop - Western Cape | IOL News », IOL.co.za, (consulté le )
  24. ↑ Church in Wales backs women bishops. BBC News Wales Sept 12 2013
  25. ↑ "Female bishops voted in by Church in Wales", The Guardian, 12 September 2013.]
  26. ↑ (en) Riazat Butt, « Church vote opens door to female bishops », The Guardian, London,‎ (lire en ligne)
  27. ↑ Revision Committee on Women in the Episcopate
  28. ↑ Breakthrough with Revision Committee
  29. ↑ The Guardian Online, "Church of England faces crisis as Synod rejects concession on women bishops", 10 July 2010.
  30. ↑ "Archbishop warns against delay over women bishops", The Guardian, 12 July 2010.
  31. ↑ (en) « Women bishops: PM 'very sad' at Church of England rejection », BBC News,‎ (lire en ligne)
  32. ↑ « England: First female representatives to House of Bishops elected », Episcopaldigitalnetwork.com, (consulté le )
  33. ↑ "Women Bishops", Church of England website, May 2013.
  34. ↑ (en) « Church of England General Synod backs women bishops », BBC News,‎ (lire en ligne)
  35. ↑ http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-30074257
  36. ↑ [1]
  37. ↑ Prime Minister's Office announcement 25 March 2015
  38. ↑ "Diocese of York Media Release", 3 July 2015.
  39. ↑ Prime Minister's Office announcement, 26 March 2015.
  40. ↑ "First female diocesan bishop in C of E consecrated", Anglicannews.org, Retrieved on 23 July 2015.
  41. ↑ Lords Spiritual (Women) Act 2015
  42. ↑ Prime Minister's Office announcement, 30 June 2015.
  43. ↑ Prime Minister's Office announcement, 2 July 2015.
  44. ↑ "Christine Hardman to be Twelfth Bishop of Newcastle", Diocese of Newcastle website (accessed 2 September 2015).
  45. ↑ Diocese of Newcastle — Confirmation of Election Service for the 12th Bishop of Newcastle (Accessed 23 September 2015)
  46. ↑ « Church of South India elects first woman bishop », Anglicannews.org, (consulté le )
  47. ↑ « First woman bishop for India consecrated | », Churchnewspaper.com (consulté le )
  48. ↑ "Scottish priest fails in bid to become first woman bishop", The Daily Telegraph.
  49. ↑ Aguilera, 71, died suddenly on 10 July 2010 after a brief illness with severe anemia. Episcopal Life Online item, 11 July 2010.
  50. ↑ Metropolitan Council appoints bishop coadjutor for Cuba
  51. ↑ « Episcopal News Service - World Report », Archive.episcopalchurch.org, (consulté le )
  52. ↑ « Episcopal News Service: Press Release 89106 », Episcopalarchives.org, (consulté le )
  53. ↑ « Apostolic Constitution Anglicanorum coetibus providing for Personal Ordinariates for Anglicans Entering into Full Communion with the Catholic Church », Vatican.va (consulté le )
  54. ↑ « Post-Brockton | Anglican Rose », Anglicanrose.wordpress.com, (consulté le )

Further reading[modifier | modifier le code]

  • Mascall, Eric Lionel. Women Priests? 2nd ed. London: Church Literature Association, 1977. (ISBN 0-85191-115-3)
  • Watts, Michael. Through a Glass Darkly: a Crisis Considered, Gracewing Books. Leominster, Eng.: Fowler-Wright Books, 1993. N.B.: The crisis to which the subtitle refers is that of the ordination of women in the Church of England. (ISBN 0-85244-240-8)
Ce document provient de « https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utilisateur:Gypsophyle45/Brouillon&oldid=133824997 ».