Voir la source de Prix James-Tait-Black

[[Fichier:Old College Quad.jpg|vignette|Université d'Édimbourg, Old College.]]
Le '''prix à la mémoire de James Tait Black''' est le plus ancien et l'un des plus importants [[Liste de prix littéraires|prix littéraires]] [[britanniques]]. Il récompense chaque année depuis 1919 des auteurs écrivant en [[anglais|langue anglaise]] et se divise en deux catégories : la [[fiction]] et la [[biographie]]. Il dépend de l'[[université d'Édimbourg]], en [[Écosse]]. Chacun des lauréats reçoit la somme de {{Unité|10000|£}}, la plus élevée pour un prix littéraire en Écosse.

== Histoire ==
Quatre lauréats du [[prix Nobel de littérature]] se sont vu décerner le prix James Tait Black au début de leur carrière : [[William Golding]], [[Nadine Gordimer]], [[J. M. Coetzee]] et [[Doris Lessing]].

Parmi les lauréats du prix James Tait Black dans les deux catégories, on peut citer [[D. H. Lawrence]], [[E. M. Forster]], [[John Buchan]], [[Robert Graves]], [[Graham Greene]], [[Evelyn Waugh]], [[Aldous Huxley]], [[Quentin Bell]], [[Muriel Spark]], [[Angela Carter]], [[Lawrence Durrell]], [[John le Carré]], [[J. G. Ballard]], [[Margaret Drabble]], [[Salman Rushdie]], [[Antonia Fraser]] (cinq ans après sa mère, Elizabeth Longford), [[Martin Amis]] ou [[Cormac McCarthy]].

Enfin, une [[traduction]]-adaptation en langue anglaise a reçu le prix dans la catégorie fiction en 1942 : celle du ''[[La Pérégrination vers l'Ouest|Voyage en Occident]]'' (ou ''Le Singe pèlerin''), grand classique de la [[littérature chinoise]], par le sinologue [[Arthur Waley]].

== Sélection ==
Les gagnants sont choisis par les professeurs de [[littérature anglaise]] de l'université, assistés de doctorants pour la phase de pré-sélection, et c'est cette structure qui donne au prix sa crédibilité. L'absence de sponsor et de figure médiatique au sein du jury est également un facteur de confiance.

== Conditions d'éligibilité ==
Seules les œuvres de fiction ou biographiques rédigées en anglais et publiées pour la première fois au Royaume-Uni dans les {{nombre|12|mois}} précédant la date de soumission sont éligibles. Les deux prix peuvent être attribués au même auteur, mais aucun prix ne peut être attribué deux fois.

== Liste exhaustive des lauréats ==
{| class="wikitable alternance" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
! Année !! Fiction !! Année !! Biographie
|-
| 1919 || [[Hugh Walpole]], ''The Secret City'' || 1919 || Henry Festing Jones, ''[[Samuel Butler (écrivain)|Samuel Butler]], Author of [[Erewhon]] (1835-1902) - A Memoir''
|-
| 1920 || [[D. H. Lawrence]], ''The Lost Girl'' || 1920 || [[George Macaulay Trevelyan|G. M. Trevelyan]], ''[[Charles Grey (2e comte Grey)|Lord Grey]] of the Reform Bill''
|-
| 1921 || [[Walter de la Mare]], ''Memoirs of a Midget'' || 1921 || [[Lytton Strachey]], ''Queen [[Victoria (reine)|Victoria]]''
|-
| 1922 || [[David Garnett]], ''[[La Femme changée en renard|Lady into Fox]]'' || 1922 || Percy Lubbock, ''Earlham''
|-
| 1923 || [[Arnold Bennett]], ''Riceyman Steps'' || 1923 || Sir [[Ronald Ross]], ''Memoirs, Etc.''
|-
| 1924 || [[E. M. Forster]], ''[[Route des Indes (roman)|Route des Indes]]'' (''A Passage to India'') || 1924 || William Wilson, ''The House of [[Comte d'Airlie|Airlie]]''
|-
| 1925 || [[Liam O'Flaherty]], ''The Informer'' || 1925 || [[Geoffrey Scott]], ''The Portrait of [[Isabelle de Charrière|Zelide]]''
|-
| 1926 || [[Radclyffe Hall]], ''Adam's Breed'' || 1926 || H. B. Workman, ''[[John Wyclif]]: A Study of the English Medieval Church''
|-
| 1927 || Francis Brett Young, ''Portrait of Clare'' || 1927 || H. A. L. Fisher, ''[[James Bryce (1er vicomte Bryce)|James Bryce]], Viscount Bryce of Dechmont, O.M.''
|-
| 1928 || [[Siegfried Sassoon]], [[Mémoires d'un chasseur de renards|''Memoirs of a Foxhunting Man'']] || 1928 || [[John Buchan]], ''[[James Graham (1er marquis de Montrose)|Montrose]]''
|-
| 1929 || [[J. B. Priestley]], ''The Good Companions'' || 1929 || Lord David Cecil, ''The Stricken Deer: or The Life of [[William Cowper|Cowper]]''
|-
| 1930 || E. H. Young, ''Miss Mole'' || 1930 || [[Francis Yeats-Brown]], ''Lives of a Bengal Lancer''
|-
| 1931 || [[Kate O'Brien (écrivain)|Kate O'Brien]], ''Without My Cloak'' || 1931 || J. Y. R. Greig, ''[[David Hume]]''
|-
| 1932 || {{lien|Helen de Guerry Simpson}}, ''Boomerang'' || 1932 || [[Stephen Gwynn]], ''The Life of [[Mary Kingsley]]''
|-
| 1933 || A. G. Macdonell, ''England, Their England'' || 1933 || Violet Clifton, ''The Book of Talbot''
|-
| 1934 || [[Robert Graves]], ''[[Moi, Claude]], empereur ({{nobr|I, Claudius}})'' et ''Claudius the God'' || 1934 || J. E. Neale, ''[[Élisabeth Ire (reine d'Angleterre)|Queen Elizabeth]]''
|-
| 1935 || {{lien|lang=en|trad=Leo Myers|fr=L. H. Myers}}, ''The Root and the Flower'' || 1935 || Raymond Wilson Chambers, ''[[Thomas More]]''
|-
| 1936 || [[Winifred Holtby]], ''South Riding'' || 1936 || [[Edward Sackville-West]], ''A Flame in Sunlight: The Life and Work of [[Thomas de Quincey]]''
|-
| 1937 || Neil M. Gunn, ''Highland River'' || 1937 || Lord [[Eustace Percy]], ''[[John Knox]]''
|-
| 1938 || [[C. S. Forester]], ''A Ship of the Line'' et ''Flying Colours'' || 1938 || Sir Edmund Chambers, ''[[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]]''
|-
| 1939 || [[Aldous Huxley]] [[Jouvence (roman)|''After Many a Summer'']] || 1939 || [[David C. Douglas]], ''English Scholars''
|-
| 1940 || [[Charles Morgan]], ''The Voyage'' || 1940 || Hilda F. M. Prescott, ''Spanish Tudor: [[Marie Ire (reine d'Angleterre)|Mary I of England]]''
|-
| 1941 || [[Joyce Cary]], ''A House of Children'' || 1941 || John Gore, ''King [[George V]]''
|-
| 1942 || [[Arthur Waley]], Traduction de ''[[La Pérégrination vers l'Ouest|Monkey]]'' de [[Wu Cheng'en]] || 1942 || [[Arthur Ponsonby (1er baron Ponsonby de Shulbrede)|Lord Ponsonby of Shulbrede]], ''[[Henry Ponsonby]]: Queen [[Victoria (reine)|Victoria]]'s Private Secretary''
|-
| 1943 || [[Mary Lavin]], ''Tales from Bective Bridge'' || 1943 || G. G. Coulton, ''Fourscore Years''
|-
| 1944 || Forrest Reid, ''Young Tom'' || 1944 || C. V. Wedgwood, ''[[Guillaume Ier d'Orange-Nassau|William the Silent]]''
|-
| 1945 || L. A. G. Strong, ''Travellers'' || 1945 || [[Dugald Sutherland MacColl|D. S. MacColl]], ''[[Philip Wilson Steer]]''
|-
| 1946 || [[Oliver Onions]], ''Poor Man's Tapestry'' || 1946 || [[Richard Aldington]], ''[[Arthur Wellesley de Wellington|Wellington]]''
|-
| 1947 || [[L. P. Hartley]], ''Eustace and Hilda'' || 1947 || Charles E. Raven, ''English Naturalists from [[Alexandre Neckam|Neckham]] to [[John Ray|Ray]]''
|-
| 1948 || [[Graham Greene]], [[Le Fond du problème (roman)|''The Heart of the Matter'']] || 1948 || Percy A. Scholes, ''The Great [[Charles Burney|Dr Burney]]''
|-
| 1949 || Emma Smith, ''The Far Cry'' || 1949 || John Connell, ''[[William Ernest Henley|W. E. Henley]]'' 
|-
| 1950 || [[Robert David Quixano Henriques|Robert Henriques]], ''Through the Valley'' || 1950 || [[Cecil Woodham-Smith]], ''[[Florence Nightingale]]''
|-
| 1951 || Chapman Mortimer, ''Father Goose'' || 1951 || [[Noel Annan]], ''[[Leslie Stephen]]''
|-
| 1952 || [[Evelyn Waugh]], ''[[Sword of Honour|Men at Arms]]'' || 1952 || G. M. Young, ''[[Stanley Baldwin]]''
|-
| 1953 || [[Margaret Kennedy]], ''Troy Chimneys'' || 1953 || Carola Oman, ''Sir [[John Moore (militaire britannique)|John Moore]]''
|-
| 1954 || [[C. P. Snow]], ''The New Men'' et ''The Masters'' || 1954 || Keith Feiling, ''[[Warren Hastings]]''
|-
| 1955 || [[Ivy Compton-Burnett]], ''Mother and Son'' || 1955 || R. W. Ketton-Cremer, ''[[Thomas Gray]]''
|-
| 1956 || [[Rose Macaulay]], ''The Towers of Trebizond'' || 1956 || St John Greer Ervine, ''[[George Bernard Shaw]]''
|-
| 1957 || [[Anthony Powell (écrivain)|Anthony Powell]], ''At Lady Molly's'' || 1957 || Maurice Cranston, ''Life of [[John Locke]]''
|-
| 1958 || [[Angus Wilson]], ''The Middle Age of Mrs. Eliot'' || 1958 || Joyce Hemlow, ''The History of [[Fanny Burney]]''
|-
| 1959 || [[Morris West]], [[L'Avocat du diable (roman)|''The Devil's Advocate'']] || 1959 || {{lien|Christopher Hassall}}, [[Edward Marsh (polymathe)|''Edward Marsh'']]
|-
| 1960 || Rex Warner, ''Imperial Caesar'' || 1960 || {{lien|lang=en|trad=Adam Fox (poet)|fr=Adam Fox}}, ''The Life of Dean {{lien|lang=en|trad=William Inge (priest)|fr=Inge}}''
|-
| 1961 || {{lien|Jennifer Dawson}}, ''The Ha-Ha'' || 1961 || M. K. Ashby, ''Joseph Ashby of Tysoe''
|-
| 1962 || Ronald Hardy, ''Act of Destruction'' || 1962 || Meriol Trevor, ''[[John Henry Newman|Newman]]: The Pillar and the Cloud'' et ''Newman: Light in Winter''
|-
| 1963 || Gerda Charles, ''A Slanting Light'' || 1963 || [[Georgina Battiscombe]], ''[[John Keble]]: A Study in Limitations''
|-
| 1964 || Frank Tuohy, ''The Ice Saints'' || 1964 || Elizabeth Longford, ''[[Victoria (reine)|Victoria]] R.I.''
|-
| 1965 || [[Muriel Spark]], ''The Mandelbaum Gate'' || 1965 || [[Mary Caroline Moorman]], ''[[William Wordsworth]]: The Later Years 1803-1850''
|-
| 1966 || [[Christine Brooke-Rose]], ''Such'', et [[Aidan Higgins]], ''Langrishe, Go Down'' || 1966 || [[Geoffrey Keynes]], ''The Life of [[William Harvey]]''
|-
| 1967 || [[Margaret Drabble]], ''Jerusalem The Golden'' || 1967 || [[Winifred Gérin]], ''[[Charlotte Brontë]]: The Evolution of Genius''
|-
| 1968 || {{lien|Maggie Ross}}, ''The Gasteropod'' || 1968 || Gordon Haight, ''[[George Eliot]]''
|-
| 1969 || [[Elizabeth Bowen]], ''Eva Trout'' || 1969 || [[Antonia Fraser]], ''[[Marie Stuart|Mary, Queen of Scots]]''
|-
| 1970 || {{lien|Lily Powell}}, ''The Bird of Paradise'' || 1970 || [[Jasper Ridley]], [[Henry John Temple|''Lord Palmerston'']]
|-
| 1971 || [[Nadine Gordimer]], ''A Guest of Honour'' || 1971 || Julia Namier, ''Lewis Namier''
|-
| 1972 || [[John Berger]], ''G'' || 1972 || [[Quentin Bell]], ''[[Virginia Woolf]]''
|-
| 1973 || [[Iris Murdoch]], ''The Black Prince'' || 1973 || [[Robin Lane Fox]], ''[[Alexandre le Grand|Alexander the Great]]''
|-
| 1974 || [[Lawrence Durrell]], ''Monsieur, or the Prince of Darkness'' || 1974 || John Wain, ''[[Samuel Johnson]]''
|-
| 1975 || [[Brian Moore (romancier)|Brian Moore]], ''The Great Victorian Collection'' || 1975 || Karl Miller, ''Cockburn's Millennium''
|-
| 1976 || [[John Banville]], ''Doctor Copernicus'' || 1976 || Ronald Hingley, ''A New Life of [[Chekhov]]''
|-
| 1977 || [[John le Carré]], ''Comme un collégien'' || 1977 || [[George Painter]], ''[[François-René de Chateaubriand|Chateaubriand]]: Volume 1 - The Longed-For Tempests''
|-
| 1978 || [[Maurice Gee]], ''Plumb'' || 1978 || [[Robert Gittings]], ''The Older Hardy''
|-
| 1979 || [[William Golding]], ''Darkness Visible'' || 1979 || Brian Finney, ''[[Christopher Isherwood]]: A Critical Biography''
|-
| 1980 || [[J. M. Coetzee]], ''Waiting for the Barbarians'' || 1980 || Robert B. Martin, ''[[Alfred Tennyson]]: The Unquiet Heart''
|-
| 1981 || [[Salman Rushdie]], ''Midnight's Children'', et [[Paul Theroux]], ''The Mosquito Coast'' || 1981 || Victoria Glendinning, ''[[Edith Sitwell]]: Unicorn Among Lions''
|-
| 1982 || [[Bruce Chatwin]], ''On The Black Hill'' || 1982 || [[Richard Ellmann]], ''[[James Joyce]]''
|- 
| 1983 || [[Jonathan Keates]], ''Allegro Postillions'' || 1983 || Alan Walker, ''[[Franz Liszt]]: The Virtuoso Years''
|-
| 1984 || [[J. G. Ballard]], ''[[Empire du soleil (roman)|Empire du soleil]]'' (''Empire of the Sun''), et [[Angela Carter]], ''Nights at the Circus'' || 1984 || Lyndall Gordon, ''[[Virginia Woolf]]: A Writer's Life''
|-
| 1985 || [[Robert Edric]], ''Winter Garden'' || 1985 || David Nokes, ''[[Jonathan Swift]]: A Hypocrite Reversed''
|-
| 1986 || [[Jenny Joseph]], ''Persephone'' || 1986 || Dame Felicitas Corrigan, ''Helen Waddell''
|-
| 1987 || [[George Mackay Brown]], ''The Golden Bird: Two Orkney Stories'' || 1987 || Ruth Dudley Edwards, ''[[Victor Gollancz]]: A Biography''
|-
| 1988 || [[Piers Paul Read]], ''A Season in the West'' || 1988 || Brian McGuinness, ''[[Wittgenstein]], A Life: Young Ludwig (1889-1921)''
|-
| 1989 || [[James Kelman]], ''A Disaffection'' || 1989 ||[[Ian Gibson (auteur)|Ian Gibson]], ''[[Federico García Lorca]]: A Life''
|-
| 1990 || [[William Boyd (écrivain)|William Boyd]], ''[[Brazzaville Plage|Brazzaville Beach]]'' || 1990 || [[Claire Tomalin]], ''The Invisible Woman: The Story of Nelly Ternan and [[Charles Dickens]]''
|-
| 1991 || [[Iain Sinclair]], ''Downriver'' || 1991 || [[Adrian Desmond]] et [[James Moore (biographe)|James Moore]], ''[[Charles Darwin|Darwin]]''
|-
| 1992 || [[Rose Tremain]], ''Sacred Country'' || 1992 || Charles Nicholl, ''The Reckoning: The Murder of [[Christopher Marlowe]]''
|-
| 1993 || [[Caryl Phillips]], ''Crossing the River'' || 1993 || [[Richard Holmes (biographe)|Richard Holmes]], ''[[Samuel Johnson|Dr Johnson]] and Mr Savage''
|-
| 1994 || [[Alan Hollinghurst]], ''The Folding Star'' || 1994 || [[Doris Lessing]], ''Under My Skin'' 
|-
| 1995 || [[Christopher Priest (écrivain)|Christopher Priest]], ''[[Le Prestige (roman)|The Prestige]]'' || 1995 || Gitta Sereny, ''[[Albert Speer]]: His Battle with the Truth''
|-
| 1996 || [[Graham Swift]], ''Last Orders'', et [[Alice Thompson]], ''Justine'' || 1996 || Diarmaid MacCulloch, ''[[Thomas Cranmer]]: A Life''
|-
| 1997 || [[Andrew Miller (romancier)|Andrew Miller]], ''Ingenious Pain'' || 1997 || R. F. Foster, ''[[W. B. Yeats]]: A Life, Volume 1 - The Apprentice Mage 1965-1914''
|-
| 1998 || [[Beryl Bainbridge]], ''Master Georgie'' || 1998 || [[Peter Ackroyd]], ''The Life of [[Thomas More]]''
|-
| 1999 || [[Timothy Mo]], ''Renegade, or Halo2'' || 1999 || Kathryn Hughes, ''[[George Eliot]]: The Last Victorian''
|-
| 2000 || [[Zadie Smith]], ''[[White Teeth]]'' || 2000 || [[Martin Amis]], ''Experience'' 
|-
| 2001 || [[Sid Smith (écrivain)|Sid Smith]], ''Something Like a House'' || 2001 || Robert Skidelsky, ''[[John Maynard Keynes]]: Volume 3 - Fighting for Britain 1937-1946'' 
|-
| 2002 || [[Jonathan Franzen]], ''The Corrections'' || 2002 || Jenny Uglow, ''The Lunar Men: The Friends Who Made the Future 1730-1810'' 
|-
| 2003 || [[Andrew O'Hagan]], ''Personality'' || 2003 || [[Janet Browne]], ''[[Charles Darwin]]: Volume 2 - The Power of Place''
|-
| 2004 || [[David Peace]], ''GB84'' || 2004 || [[Jonathan Bate]], ''John Clare: A Biography''
|-
| 2005 || [[Ian McEwan]], ''Saturday'' || 2005 || Sue Prideaux, ''[[Edvard Munch]]: Behind the Scream''
|-
| 2006 || [[Cormac McCarthy]], ''The Road'' || 2006 || Byron Rogers, ''The Man Who Went into the West: The Life of R.S. Thomas''
|-
| 2007 || [[Rosalind Belben]], ''Our Horses in Egypt'' || 2007 || [[Rosemary Hill]], ''God's Architect: Pugin and the Building of Romantic Britain''
|-
| 2008 || [[Sebastian Barry]], ''The Secret Scripture'' || 2008 || [[Michael Holroyd]], ''A Strange Eventful History''
|-
| 2009 || [[A. S. Byatt]], ''The Children's Book'' || 2009 || [[John Carey]], ''William Golding: The Man Who Wrote Lord of the Flies'' ([[William Golding]])
|-
| 2010 || [[Tatjana Soli]], ''The Lotus Eaters'' || 2010 || [[Hilary Spurling]], ''Burying the Bones: Pearl Buck in China'' ([[Pearl Buck]])
|-
| 2011 || [[Padgett Powell]], ''You and Me'' || 2011 || [[Fiona MacCarthy]], ''The Last Pre-Raphaelite: Edward Burne-Jones and the Victorian Imagination'' ([[Edward Burne-Jones]])
|-
| 2012 || Alan Warner, ''The Deadman's Pedal'' || 2012 || Tanya Harrod, ''The Last Sane Man : Michael Cardew, Modern Pots, Colonialism and the Counterculture''
|-
| 2013 || Jim Crace, ''Harvest'' || 2013 || [[Hermione Lee]], ''Penelope Fitzgerald : A Life'' 
|-
| 2014 || Zia Haider Rahman, ''In the Light of What We Know'' || 2014 || Richard Benson, ''The Valley: A Hundred Years in the Life of a Family''
|-
| 2015 || Benjamin Markovits, ''You Don't Have to Live Like This'' || 2015 || James Shapiro, ''1606, Shakespeare and the Year of Lear''
|-
| 2016 || [[Eimear McBride]], ''The Lesser Bohemians'' || 2016 || Laura Cumming, ''The Vanishing Man''
|-
| 2017 || Eley Williams, ''Attrib. and other stories'' || 2017 || Craig Brown, ''Ma'am Darling: 99 Glimpses of Princess [[Margaret du Royaume-Uni|Margaret]]''
|-
| 2018<br><small>{{nobr|août 2019}}</small> || Olivia Laing, ''Crudo'' || 2018<br><small>{{nobr|août 2019}}</small> || Lindsey Hilsum, ''In Extremis: The Life and Death of the War Correspondent Marie Colvin''
|-
| 2019<br><small>{{nobr|août 2020}}</small> || [[Lucy Ellmann]], ''Ducks, Newburyport'' || 2019<br><small>{{nobr|août 2020}}</small> || George Szirtes, ''The Photographer at Sixteen''
|-
| 2020 || Shola von Reinhold, ''Lote'' || 2020 || Doireann Ni Ghriofa, ''A Ghost in the Throat''
|-
| 2021 || [[Keith Ridgway]], ''A Shock'' || 2021 || [[Amit Chaudhuri]], ''Finding the Raga: An Improvisation on Indian Music'' 
|-
|2022 || [[Barbara Kingsolver]], ''[[On m'appelle Demon Copperhead]]'' (''Demon Copperhead'') || 2022 || Darryl Pinckney, ''Come Back in September''
|}

== Source ==
{{Traduction/Référence|en|James Tait Black Memorial Prize|179844937}}

== Voir aussi ==
=== Articles connexes ===
* [[Prix Hawthornden]]
* [[Prix Samuel Johnson]]

=== Liens externes ===
* {{en}} [http://www.ed.ac.uk/news/events/tait-black James Tait Black Prizes homepage, University of Edinburgh]
* {{en}} [http://www.ed.ac.uk/explore/people/jamestaitblack/200708_25_JTBAward.wvx Windows Media video report of the 2007 James Tait Black Prize ceremony]
* {{en}} [http://www.englit.ed.ac.uk/jtbinf.htm James Tait Black Prizes at the homepage of Edinburgh University's English Department]

{{Portail|littérature|Royaume-Uni|Écosse|récompenses et distinctions}}

[[Catégorie:Prix littéraire au Royaume-Uni|James]]
[[Catégorie:Université d'Édimbourg]]
[[Catégorie:Distinction fondée en 1919]]