English: Simulation illustrating the Law of Large Numbers. Each frame, you flip a coin that is red on one side and blue on the other, and put a dot in the corresponding column. A pie chart notes the proportion of red and blue so far. Notice that the proportion varies a lot at first, but gradually approaches 50%. Animation made in Mathematica--I'm happy to give you the source code if you want to improve the animation or for any other reason.
Moi, propriétaire des droits d’auteur sur cette œuvre, la place dans le domaine public. Ceci s'applique dans le monde entier. Dans certains pays, ceci peut ne pas être possible ; dans ce cas : J’accorde à toute personne le droit d’utiliser cette œuvre dans n’importe quel but, sans aucune condition, sauf celles requises par la loi.
(* Source code written in Mathematica 6.0, by Steve Byrnes, 2010. I release this code into the public domain. *)
SeedRandom[1]
NumBalls = 500;
(*Build list of point coordinates and radii*)
BuildCoordList[LeftX_, RightX_, BotY_, TopY_, Cols_, Rows_] :=
Flatten[Table[{i, j}, {j, BotY, TopY, (TopY - BotY)/(Rows - 1)}, {i, LeftX, RightX, (RightX - LeftX)/(Cols - 1)}], 1];
BlueCoordsList = BuildCoordList[.15, .85, .15, 4.75, 5, 24];
RedCoordsList = BuildCoordList[1.15, 1.85, .15, 4.75, 5, 24];
radius = .05;
(*Draw borders*)
lines = {Line[{{0, 0}, {0, 5}}], Line[{{1, 0}, {1, 5}}],
Line[{{2, 0}, {2, 5}}], Line[{{0, 0}, {2, 0}}]};
(*Draw pie chart*)
DrawPie[CenterX_, CenterY_, Radius_,
FracRed_] := {{Red,
Disk[{CenterX, CenterY}, Radius, {-FracRed \[Pi], FracRed \[Pi]}]}, {Blue,
Disk[{CenterX, CenterY},
Radius, {FracRed \[Pi], 2 \[Pi] - FracRed \[Pi]}]}};
(* Randomly generate order that red and blue appear *)
AppearOrder = Table[RandomInteger[{0, 1}], {i, 1, NumBalls}];
(* Calculate number of red and blue balls at any given time, and their proportions. *)
NumAppeared[time_] := Floor[time];
NumRed[time_] := Total[AppearOrder[[1 ;; NumAppeared[time]]]];
NumBlue[time_] := NumAppeared[time] - NumRed[time];
FracRed[time_] := NumRed[time]/NumAppeared[time];
(* Put everything together! *)
Video = {};
NumFrames = 220;
For[frame = 1, frame <= NumFrames, frame++,
t = frame;
ImageGraphicsList = lines;
For[pt = 1, pt <= NumBlue[t], pt++,
ImageGraphicsList = Append[ImageGraphicsList, {Blue, Disk[BlueCoordsList[[pt]], radius]}]];
For[pt = 1, pt <= NumRed[t], pt++,
ImageGraphicsList = Append[ImageGraphicsList, {Red, Disk[RedCoordsList[[pt]], radius]}]];
ImageGraphicsList = Append[ImageGraphicsList, DrawPie[2.5, 2.5, .4, FracRed[t]]];
Video = Append[Video, Graphics[ImageGraphicsList, ImageSize -> 100]];];
(* Slow the movie down at the beginning and end to make it easier to see *)
Video = Join[
Table[Video[[1]], {i, 1, 3}], Table[Video[[2]], {i, 1, 3}], Table[Video[[3]], {i, 1, 3}],
Table[Video[[4]], {i, 1, 3}], Table[Video[[5]], {i, 1, 3}], Table[Video[[6]], {i, 1, 2}],
Table[Video[[7]], {i, 1, 2}], Table[Video[[8]], {i, 1, 2}], Table[Video[[9]], {i, 1, 2}],
Table[Video[[10]], {i, 1, 2}], Video[[11 ;;]], Table[Video[[NumFrames]], {i, 1, 5}]];
(* Export *)
Export["test.gif", Video, "DisplayDurations" -> {14}, "AnimationRepititions" -> Infinity]
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{{Information |Description={{en|1=Simulation illustrating the Law of Large Numbers. Each frame, you flip a coin that is red on one side and blue on the other, and put a dot in the corresponding column. A pie chart notes the proportion of red and blue so f