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{{Infobox mythical creature
|name = Kuman Thong<br>กุมารทอง
|AKA =
|image = Kuman thong-ratchaburi53.JPG
|image_size =
|caption = Kuman Thong figures at a shrine in [[Ratchaburi Province]]
|Mythology = [[Thai folklore]]
|Grouping = [[Tutelary deity]]
|Sub_Grouping = [[Luck|Luck-bringing deity]]
|Parents =
|Country = [[Thailand]]
|Region = [[Southeast Asia]]
|Habitat =
|Similar_creatures = ''[[Hong Phrai]]''
}}
[[File:Kuman Thong.jpg|thumb|265px|A reproduction Kuman Thong sold as a souvenir at a Buddhist temple in [[Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (city)|Ayutthaya]] wrapped in a cloth featuring [[Nang Kwak]].]]
'''''Kuman Thong''''' ({{lang-th|กุมารทอง}}) is a household divinity of [[Thailand|Thai]] [[popular religion|folk religion]]. It is believed to bring luck and fortune to the owner if properly revered. ''Kuman'', or ''Kumara'' ([[Pali]]) means "[[Four Kumaras|Sanctified young boy]]" (female ''kumari''); ''thong'' means golden.

==Description==
The veneration of Kuman Thong is not part of mainstream [[Buddhism|Buddhist practices]], but it is popular in Thailand.

===Origins===
The authentic Kuman Thong originated in a practice of [[necromancy]]. They were obtained from the desiccated fetuses of children who had died whilst still in their mothers' womb. The [[witch doctor]]s were said to have the power to invoke these stillborn babies, adopt them as their children, and use them to help them in their endeavours.

According to ancient Thai manuscripts used by practitioners of [[black magic]] ({{lang-th|ไสยศาสตร์}} ''Saiyasat''), first the unborn fetus was surgically removed from the womb of its mother. Then the body of the child would be taken to a cemetery for the conduction of the proper ceremonial ritual to invoke a Kuman Thong. The body was roasted until dry whilst the [[Magician (paranormal)|witch doctor]] chanted incantations of magical script. Once the rite was completed, the dry-roasted Kuman was painted with Ya Lak (a kind of lacquer used to cover [[amulet]]s and [[Takrut]] with gold leaf) and covered in gold leaf. Thus this effigy received the name of ''“Kuman Thong”'', meaning “Golden Little Boy”.

Some Kuman effigies were soaked in [[Nam Man Phrai]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Sak Yant Buddhist Tattoos, Animist Magic, Spirit Possession, (E-Book), 2010, Spencer Littlewood |url=http://www.thailand-amulets.net/?page_id=41#ecwid:category=419479&mode=product&product=3050404 |access-date=2012-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129061351/http://thailand-amulets.net/?page_id=41#ecwid:category=419479&mode=product&product=3050404 |archive-date=2013-01-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref> a kind of oil extracted by burning a candle close to the chin of a dead child or a person who died in violent circumstances or an unnatural death. This is much less common now, because this practice is now illegal if using fat from human babies for the consecrating oil. Occasionally there are still some amulets obtained through the authentic methods appearing in the market. Some years ago a famous monk was expelled from the Buddhist [[Sangha (Buddhism)|Sangha]] for roasting a baby. He was convicted, but later continued to make magic as a layperson after his release.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Farrell|first1=James|title=The Hex, the Monk and the Exorcist|url=http://www.chiangmainews.com/ecmn/viewfa.php?id=2206|accessdate=19 December 2014|work=Chiangmai News|issue=Vol 17|date=6 June 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219111940/http://www.chiangmainews.com/ecmn/viewfa.php?id=2206|archive-date=19 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===''Hong Phrai''===
In the case of a female spirit child, the effigy is not called Kuman Thong, but ''Hong Phrai'' (โหงพราย).<ref>[http://ghostwiki.blogspot.com/2012/05/blog-post.html โหงพราย]</ref>

===In literature===
The Kuman Thong is mentioned in the Thai legend of [[Khun Chang Khun Phaen]], where the character Khun Phaen made one by removing the stillborn baby from the stomach of his wife, whom he had killed.<ref name="investvine">{{cite web|url=http://investvine.com/thailands-ghastly-wards-the-magic-of-dead-fetuses/|title=Thailand’s ghastly wards: The magic of dead fetuses|first=Alex|last=Williams|work=Inside Investor|date=20 June 2013|accessdate=23 June 2013}}</ref>

==Recent events==
On May 18, 2012 a 28-year-old British citizen of Taiwanese origin, Chow Hok Kuen, was arrested in a Bangkok hotel room with six male fetuses that had been roasted and covered in gold. Police reported that Kuen intended to sell the fetuses in Taiwan for about 6,300 USD each.<ref>{{cite news|last=Olarn|first=Kocha|title=In Thailand, roasted fetuses found stashed in luggage|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/05/18/world/asia/thailand-fetuses-black-magic/index.html|accessdate=19 May 2012|newspaper=CNN|date=18 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Bangkok police arrest man accused of buying fetuses|url=http://www.nypost.com/p/news/international/bangkok_police_arrest_man_accused_fws5qGo04kVtE45GyTLvkK|accessdate=19 May 2012|newspaper=The New York Post|date=18 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=MacKinnon|first=Ian|title=Remains of six boys for black magic ritual found in suitcase|url=https://vancouversun.com/news/Remains+boys+black+magic+ritual+found+suitcase/6644662/story.html|accessdate=19 May 2012|newspaper=The Vancouver Sun|date=18 May 2012}}</ref>

In 2011, a case was reported in Laos of a man murdering his pregnant wife, so as to use the fetus as a "Louk Lord".<ref>http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/man-killed-wife-for-lucky-lotto-feotus/story-e6frfku0-1225990638494</ref>

{{Anchor|Child angel doll}}Hyper-realistic dolls of children (but not made out of real children), "Luk Thep" or "Look Thep" ("child angel"),<ref>{{cite news|title=Superstition in Thailand: Dolls that bring luck—and drugs|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21689637-craze-haunted-dolls-starts-moral-panic-dolls-bring-luckand-drugs|accessdate=30 January 2016|work=[[The Economist]]|date=30 January 2016}}</ref> have recently (2015) become popular in Thailand.<ref>http://audreymagazine.com/thailands-haunted-dolls-just-might-bring-you-luck/</ref><ref>
http://bangkok.coconuts.co/2015/05/22/all-cool-kids-are-worshiping-haunted-dolls-now</ref><ref>
http://bangkok.coconuts.co/2015/06/08/world-haunted-dolls-talk-child-god-doll-creator</ref><ref>
http://www.patheos.com/blogs/americanbuddhist/2015/09/buddhist-blessings-for-dolls-thailands-new-luck-charms.html</ref><ref>
http://www.smh.com.au/business/aviation/supernatural-dolls-can-buy-seats-on-thai-smile-airways-20160125-gmdu3j.html</ref> Some people believe the dolls can be injected with the spirit of a child after being blessed by a Buddhist monk. Their owners provide such care as food, water and clothes "in the hope of receiving good fortune in return", and some companies offer owners of the dolls the option to reserve them their own seats and services.<ref>{{cite news|title=Superstition in Thailand: Dolls that bring luck—and drugs|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21689637-craze-haunted-dolls-starts-moral-panic-dolls-bring-luckand-drugs|accessdate=30 January 2016|work=[[The Economist]]|date=30 January 2016}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Folk religion]]
* [[Good luck charm]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{commonscat inline}}
* [http://www.amuletforums.com AmuletForums – Thai Amulets and Buddhism Online Discussion Forums]
* [http://www.siammongkol.com/products.php?catid=30 Kuman Thong Category – Kuman Thong History and Examples(in Thai)]
* [http://www.kumantong-thaiamulets.com/ Thai amulet website]
* [http://buddistamulets.blogspot.com/p/sak-yant-e-book.html Sak Yant Buddhist tattoos (E-Book) By Spencer Littlewood]

{{Superstitions}}

[[Category:Thai deities]]
[[Category:Superstitions of Thailand]]
[[Category:Folk religion]]
[[Category:Tutelary deities]]

Version du 13 avril 2020 à 10:41

Modèle:Infobox mythical creature

A reproduction Kuman Thong sold as a souvenir at a Buddhist temple in Ayutthaya wrapped in a cloth featuring Nang Kwak.

Kuman Thong (thaï : กุมารทอง) is a household divinity of Thai folk religion. It is believed to bring luck and fortune to the owner if properly revered. Kuman, or Kumara (Pali) means "Sanctified young boy" (female kumari); thong means golden.

Description

The veneration of Kuman Thong is not part of mainstream Buddhist practices, but it is popular in Thailand.

Origins

The authentic Kuman Thong originated in a practice of necromancy. They were obtained from the desiccated fetuses of children who had died whilst still in their mothers' womb. The witch doctors were said to have the power to invoke these stillborn babies, adopt them as their children, and use them to help them in their endeavours.

According to ancient Thai manuscripts used by practitioners of black magic (thaï : ไสยศาสตร์ Saiyasat), first the unborn fetus was surgically removed from the womb of its mother. Then the body of the child would be taken to a cemetery for the conduction of the proper ceremonial ritual to invoke a Kuman Thong. The body was roasted until dry whilst the witch doctor chanted incantations of magical script. Once the rite was completed, the dry-roasted Kuman was painted with Ya Lak (a kind of lacquer used to cover amulets and Takrut with gold leaf) and covered in gold leaf. Thus this effigy received the name of “Kuman Thong”, meaning “Golden Little Boy”.

Some Kuman effigies were soaked in Nam Man Phrai,[1] a kind of oil extracted by burning a candle close to the chin of a dead child or a person who died in violent circumstances or an unnatural death. This is much less common now, because this practice is now illegal if using fat from human babies for the consecrating oil. Occasionally there are still some amulets obtained through the authentic methods appearing in the market. Some years ago a famous monk was expelled from the Buddhist Sangha for roasting a baby. He was convicted, but later continued to make magic as a layperson after his release.[2]

Hong Phrai

In the case of a female spirit child, the effigy is not called Kuman Thong, but Hong Phrai (โหงพราย).[3]

In literature

The Kuman Thong is mentioned in the Thai legend of Khun Chang Khun Phaen, where the character Khun Phaen made one by removing the stillborn baby from the stomach of his wife, whom he had killed.[4]

Recent events

On May 18, 2012 a 28-year-old British citizen of Taiwanese origin, Chow Hok Kuen, was arrested in a Bangkok hotel room with six male fetuses that had been roasted and covered in gold. Police reported that Kuen intended to sell the fetuses in Taiwan for about 6,300 USD each.[5][6][7]

In 2011, a case was reported in Laos of a man murdering his pregnant wife, so as to use the fetus as a "Louk Lord".[8]

Hyper-realistic dolls of children (but not made out of real children), "Luk Thep" or "Look Thep" ("child angel"),[9] have recently (2015) become popular in Thailand.[10][11][12][13][14] Some people believe the dolls can be injected with the spirit of a child after being blessed by a Buddhist monk. Their owners provide such care as food, water and clothes "in the hope of receiving good fortune in return", and some companies offer owners of the dolls the option to reserve them their own seats and services.[15]

See also

References

  1. ↑ (en) « Sak Yant Buddhist Tattoos, Animist Magic, Spirit Possession, (E-Book), 2010, Spencer Littlewood », {{Article}} : paramètre « périodique » manquant, paramètre « date » manquant (lire en ligne)
  2. ↑ (en) James Farrell, « The Hex, the Monk and the Exorcist », Chiangmai News,‎ (lire en ligne)
  3. ↑ โหงพราย
  4. ↑ Alex Williams, « Thailand’s ghastly wards: The magic of dead fetuses », Inside Investor, (consulté le )
  5. ↑ (en) Kocha Olarn, « In Thailand, roasted fetuses found stashed in luggage », CNN,‎ (lire en ligne)
  6. ↑ (en) « Bangkok police arrest man accused of buying fetuses », The New York Post,‎ (lire en ligne)
  7. ↑ (en) Ian MacKinnon, « Remains of six boys for black magic ritual found in suitcase », The Vancouver Sun,‎ (lire en ligne)
  8. ↑ http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/man-killed-wife-for-lucky-lotto-feotus/story-e6frfku0-1225990638494
  9. ↑ (en) « Superstition in Thailand: Dolls that bring luck—and drugs », The Economist,‎ (lire en ligne)
  10. ↑ http://audreymagazine.com/thailands-haunted-dolls-just-might-bring-you-luck/
  11. ↑ http://bangkok.coconuts.co/2015/05/22/all-cool-kids-are-worshiping-haunted-dolls-now
  12. ↑ http://bangkok.coconuts.co/2015/06/08/world-haunted-dolls-talk-child-god-doll-creator
  13. ↑ http://www.patheos.com/blogs/americanbuddhist/2015/09/buddhist-blessings-for-dolls-thailands-new-luck-charms.html
  14. ↑ http://www.smh.com.au/business/aviation/supernatural-dolls-can-buy-seats-on-thai-smile-airways-20160125-gmdu3j.html
  15. ↑ (en) « Superstition in Thailand: Dolls that bring luck—and drugs », The Economist,‎ (lire en ligne)

Modèle:Superstitions

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