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Tudor IT Process Assessment (TIPA®) is a process assessment framework developed by the Public Research Centre Henri Tudor based in Luxembourg. TIPA is an open framework for the assessment of IT processes released first in 2003. The TIPA framework offers a structured solution to determine process capability for processes aligned with recognized best practices. TIPA also supports process improvement by providing a gap analysis and proposing improvement recommendations ^[1].

The TIPA framework uses the generic approach for process assessment published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in ISO/IEC 15504^[2] – Process Assessment (soon to become ISO/IEC 33000). The ISO/IEC 15504-2 requirements on performing assessments are structured and documented in the TIPA Assessment Process. Additional guidance, contextual advice and return of experience complete the TIPA Process Assessment Method and support the usability of the TIPA framework. The TIPA Process Assessment Method can be used to assess TIPA Process Models for different fields of activity.

The TIPA framework is supported by an exhaustive toolbox that provides templates and tools for every single step of the assessment process.

It can be customized to any domain of application.

Overview[modifier | modifier le code]

A process assessment is conducted to get a clear view of the current practices in an organization in a particular domain ( e.g. the IT service management domain in TIPA for ITIL). The goal is to compare these practices to a renowned reference so that the current status of the processes can be measured and suggestion for process improvement can be made.

The gap analysis helps identify SWOTs, get a clear picture of the current state and identify improvement recommendations.

Interviews are used to understand the way the process is performed and also a process maturity rating scale to control the gap between frame of reference and the domain. An assessment project starts with a clear goal statement to define the scope of the project. The project involves a series of roles who take part in the assessment. The assessment project is organized in 6 phases. It is supported by several tools (templates and spreadsheets) provided in the TIPA Toolbox.

History[modifier | modifier le code]

In 2002, the first cases of adoption of ITIL were observed on the Luxembourg market. At the same period, the ISO/IEC TR 15504 Process Assessment standard series was upgraded towards the creation of a generic standard for process assessment, enabling the assessment processes in any kind of domain. CRP Henri Tudor being an active member of the ISO working group in charge of that transformation within ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7, the idea was born to apply and experiment this new generic assessment framework to both software and IT operation processes.

This led to the definition of the AIDA (Assessment and Improvement integrateD Approach) research & development project, defined in 2003, aiming at applying a common method for the definition and assessment of processes for both the software development and IT operations sides. The project resulted in the creation of a structured process assessment method for IT Service Management based on ITIL. That method was fully compatible with the method described in ISO/IEC 15504 originally designed to assess software development processes.

The first Process Reference and Process Assessment models for ITIL v2 were developed and experimented during the years 2004-2005 in partnership with ITIL experts. More experimentation took place the following years locally in Luxembourg and several other regions of the world. In 2009 AIDA was rebranded as TIPA (Tudor IT Process Assessment) and this brand officially registered. The complete method was published in the book “ITSM Process Assessment Supporting ITIL“ [ref], released in 2009. A major upgrade of TIPA for ITIL took place in 2013 to align the framework with ITIL 2011. That upgrade has also been the opportunity to improve the overall quality of the framework based on the 8 years of experience by Tudor and historical users of the method. The last upgrade was done in March 2014 to introduce classes of assessment aligned with the requirements of the upcoming ISO/IEC 3300x series planned to replace ISO/IEC 15504 by the end of 2014.

Applications[modifier | modifier le code]

To compare your processes with the state of the art
To determine your process capability
To compare your process capability with processes from other domains
To identify process strengths, weaknesses, and areas of improvement
To structure the improvement initiative and setup priorities
To monitor the progress and demonstrate the merits of improvement actions
To benchmark partners
To benchmark with competitors
To support provider selection according to business goals and customer requirements

TIPA for ITIL[modifier | modifier le code]

TIPA for ITIL® (Information Technology Infrastructure Library) is the customization of the TIPA framework to the IT Service Management domain. It applies the TIPA assessment method to the IT Service Management best practices described in ITIL 2011.

ISO/IEC 15504[modifier | modifier le code]

TIPA is applying the assessment approach defined in ISO/IEC 15504, which can be used:

a) By or on behalf of an organization with the objective of understanding the state of its own processes for process improvement;

b) By or on behalf of an organization with the objective of determining the suitability of its own processes for a particular requirement or class of requirements;

c) By or on behalf of one organization with the objective of determining the suitability of another organization’s processes for a particular contract or class of contracts.

TIPA has structured its assessment method targeting mostly the first application area of ISO/IEC 15504 (process improvement) but supports the two other ones also.

TIPA is using rating sale and capability levels defined in the ISO/IEC 15504 measurement framework. The four point ordinal rating scale (Not achieved, Partially achieved, Largely achieved and Fully achieved) is used to express the levels of achievement of the process attributes. The combination of process attributes achievement and a defined grouping of process attributes together determine the process capability level.

ITIL[modifier | modifier le code]

The Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) is a set of best practices for IT service management (ITSM) that focus on aligning IT services with the needs of business. ITIL has structured these best practices as processes. TIPA for ITIL enables to assess these processes. But ISO/IEC 15504 process assessment to be performed against a compliant process assessment model, which combines the description of the process in terms of process purpose and outcomes, with performance and capability indicators.

The TIPA process assessment model for ITIL contains that structured description of the ITIL processes. It was developed using requirements engineering techniques that support the quality characteristics expected from a compliant process model (traceability, comprehensiveness, usability, assessability).

TIPA specifics[modifier | modifier le code]

- TIPA extends the set of requirements from ISO/IEC 15504 with the provision of a detailed documented assessment process

- TIPA focuses on interviews as main means for collecting evidence of process implementation and process capability.

- TIPA highlights the need to perform a sound SWOT analysis as part of the assessment process for process improvement.

- TIPA is provided with an exhaustive toolbox that provides templates and tools for every single step of the assessment process. It can be customized to any application domain.

TIPA Components[modifier | modifier le code]

6 phases[modifier | modifier le code]

Definition phase

During the definition phase, the main objectives are to define the scope of the assessment, to identify the key actors, to agree on a service offer and to agree on the assessment scope agreement.

Preparation phase

In this phase, the objective is to discover the organizational context, and then to do an assessment planning and define the organization (by preparing the Assessment team, the supporting documents used during the assessment and the people who will be interviewed).

Assessment phase

The phase is the key of the process assessment, during which interviews are done and documents reviewed to enable process rating and process capability level determination.

Analysis phase

After the Assessment phase the collected information are analysed and a SWOT analysis is performed before making improvement recommendations

Result presentation phase

The results are presented to the relevant stakeholders, and the detailed assessment report is rendered.

Assessment closure phase

The assessment project can then be closed.

Roles[modifier | modifier le code]

The six phases are supervised by at least one Lead Assessor and are implemented by one or two Assessor(s).

TIPA Assessor: he conducts the interviews and analyses the results to draw conclusions on the assessed process maturity.

TIPA Lead Assessor: he is accountable for the compliance of the method delivered and for the assessment results. He is the project manager of the assessment project. A TIPA assessment cannot be done without a Lead Assessor.

The TIPA classes of assessment[modifier | modifier le code]

Like in the Standard CMMI® Appraisal Method for Process Improvement (SCAMPI), there are three different classes of assessment in TIPA. A TIPA assessment is performed using Class 1, 2 or 3 depending on the level of confidence required on the assessment results, and on the amount of resources available to perform that assessment. TIPA Class 1 requires more resources than TIPA Class 2 and TIPA Class 2 requires more resource than TIPA Class 3.

TIPA Class 1: It is the most reliable class, it allow to have a very high level of objectivity, rigor and confidence in the assessment result thanks to a large collection of evidence, more than the two other classes.

TIPA Class 2: it corresponds to the original TIPA assessment method; it is a good balance between required resources and the usability of the assessment results.

TIPA Class 3: is the less exhaustive assessment method. It requires fewer resources, rating evidence and time than the two other classes, but also provides limited assessment results with minimal process analysis.

Comparative table of assessment classes[modifier | modifier le code]


	TIPA Class 1	TIPA Class 2	TIPA Class 3
Management of the assessment project	1 certified TIPA Lead Assessor required
Number of Assessors (per process)	2 certified TIPA Assessors (one can be the project’s Lead Assessor)	2 certified TIPA Assessors (one can be the project’s Lead Assessor)	1 certified TIPA Assessor(who can be the project’s Lead Assessor)
Independence of the Assessment Team	Assessment Team fully independent from the organization being assessed	Assessment Team with separation of responsibility from the personnel in the organization being assessed	No requirement on the independence of the Assessment Team
Minimum number of interviews (per process)	4	3	2
Rating of interviews	1 rating per interview	1 rating per interview	1 single rating allowed for all interviews
Sources of evidence	2 sources	1 source (second source recommended in specific cases)	1 source
Level of rigor	+++	+++	++
Level of confidence	+++	++	++
Repeatability	+++	+++	+
Costs	+++	++	+
Publication of results	Certificate	Certificate	Certificate

Tools[modifier | modifier le code]

The TIPA toolbox gathers methodological and office tools to support all phases of a TIPA assessment. All TIPA Certified Assessors can use this toolbox to perform their TIPA assessment.

The TIPA toolbox contains:
The TIPA presentation templates
The TIPA Process Assessment Model
The project management toolset
Questionnaires
The process rating toolset
Assessment report templates

TIPA Certifications[modifier | modifier le code]

The transfer of TIPA for ITIL on the market is supported by a training and certification program run in partnership between ITPreneurs (training provider) and Public Research Centre Henri Tudor (certification authority). Certifications available are: TIPA Assessor for ITIL and TIPA Lead Assessor.

Links to others frameworks[modifier | modifier le code]

CMMI

Somehow, CMMI-SVC can be considered as the nearest competitor of TIPA, but differences remain. Indeed, CMMI-SVC targets assessment of services in general whereas TIPA for ITIL concentrates its efforts on IT services. CMMI supports both process capability and organisational maturity.

COBIT

Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology (COBIT) is a framework created by Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA) for information technology (IT) management and IT governance. COBIT provides a set of recommended best practices for governance and control process of information systems and technology with the essence of aligning IT with business. It allows managers to bridge the gap between control requirements, technical issues and business risks. Similarly to TIPA, COBIT 5 embraces the ISO/IEC 15504 philosophy for assessing its processes.

ISO/IEC 20000

ISO/IEC 20000 is the international standard that allows companies to demonstrate their excellence in IT management. The standard ensures companies can achieve evidence-based benchmarks (through certification). TIPA for ITIL can prepare for ISO/IEC 20000 Certification because TIPA for ITIL assesses a large part of process that is used in ISO/IEC 20000 certification.

ISO/IEC 33000

ISO/IEC 33000 is a revision of ISO/IEC 15504, it should be effective at the beginning 2015. The recent works on TIPA, including the introduction of the classes of assessment are aligned with the works conducted at the ISO on the ISO/IEC 33000 series. TIPA will be fully aligned to the ISO/IEC 33000 series when it is published.

Partnership[modifier | modifier le code]

TIPA was developed by Public Research Centre Henri Tudor thanks to the support of several partners amongst which: • Van Haren Publishing, publisher on best practices, methods and standard. They are the publisher of the TIPA handbook “ITSM Process Assessment supporting ITIL”. • ITPreneurs, provider of IT best practices trainings. They are the official training provider for TIPA for ITIL.

Limitations[modifier | modifier le code]

TIPA has renamed process capability as process maturity, which is confusing.

TIPA for ITIL does not allow making an assessment of organisational maturity. Moreover, no benchmarking data is available so far.

References[modifier | modifier le code]

[1] ttp://www.tipaonline.org/en/tipa

[2] ttp://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=37458

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