Xiao Yanyan

Xiao Chuo

Fonction
Impératrice
à partir de 969

Biographie
Naissance	953
Décès	23 décembre 1009
Noms posthumes	睿智皇后, 神聖宣簡皇后
Père	Xiao Siwen (en)
Mère	Yelü Lübugu (en)
Fratrie	Xiao Hunian (en) (sœur aînée) Xiao (en) (sœur aînée) Xiao Weien (d)
Conjoint	Liao Jingzong
Enfants	Qi (d) Liao Shengzong Yelu Longqing (d) Yelu Changshounu (d) Yelu Yanshounu (d) Yelu Longyou (d)

Xiao Yanyan (萧燕燕) (953–1009) est une impératrice khitan de la dynastie Liao de la Chine impériale. Son nom chinois est Xiao Chuo (萧綽). Elle épouse l'empereur Liao Jingzong et, à la mort de celui-ci, elle devient régente pour son fils, l'empereur Liao Shengzong, et ainsi l'impératrice douairière Chengtian (承天皇太后).

Elle mène sa propre armée de 10 000 cavaliers à la tête de laquelle elle demeure passée ses soixante ans^[1]. Les troupes de la dynastie Song attaquent la dynastie Liao en 986, mais elles sont repoussées, puis défaites en 989. Elle était connue pour ses talents d'administration civile et a conservé une grande influence jusqu'à sa mort.

Règne de l'impératrice douairière[modifier | modifier le code]

L'impératrice douairière Xiao Yanyan a personnellement dirigé l'armée Liao dans les campagnes contre les Chinois Song lors de leur invasion de Liao en 986 et les a vaincus sur le terrain de bataille^[2]^,^[3]^,^[4]^,^[5]^,^[6], lutant contre l'armée chinoise en retraite. Elle a ensuite ordonné la castration d'environ 100 garçons d'origine ethnique chinoise qu'elle avait capturés en Chine, complétant la population d'eunuques du Khitan pour servir à sa cour, parmi lesquels trouvait Wang Ji'en. Les garçons étaient tous âgés de moins de dix ans et ont été sélectionnés pour leur beauté^[7]^,^[8]^,^[9]^,^[10]. L'Histoire des Liao 遼史 décrit et fait l'éloge de la capture et castration massive des garçons chinois par l'impératrice dans une biographie de l'eunuque Wang Ji'en^[11]^,^[12]^,^[13]^,^[14]^,^[15]^,^[16]^,^[17]^,^[18]^,^[19]^,^[20]^,^[21].

Références culturelles[modifier | modifier le code]

Dans les Généraux de la famille Yang, elle est dépeinte comme un des antagonistes, de même que dans le film coréen de 2009 Impératrice Cheonchu (en) où son personnage est joué par Shim Hye-jin (en).

Le film chinois de 1995, Great Liao's Empress Dowager (大遼太后) en fait aussi un portrait. Une série chinoise ´la légende de Ciao Chao ´réalisée en 2020 par Jiang jia jun et interprétée par Tiffany Tang le rôle de Xiao Chao ...

Références[modifier | modifier le code]

↑ Man(1999), 95.
↑ Peterson(2000), 259.
↑ Derven(2000), 199.
↑ Bauer(2010), 569.
↑ Wang(2013).
↑ Keay(2010).
↑ McMahon(2013), 261.
↑ McMahon(2013), 269.
↑
*The EUNUCHS AND SINICIZATION IN THE NON-HAN CONQUEST DYNASTIES OF CHINA
- - JENNIFER W. JAY
  - UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA, Canada
  - This paper was presented at the Asian Studies on the Pacific Coast Conference, June 16-18, 1995, at Forest Grove, Oregon, U.S.A. Research for this project was facilitated by a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. (Although the link is to a forum, the paper is posted in its full length there since it is not availible online as it was never published. The following links are to papers and articles where the original paper by Jennifer W. Jay was referenced in the bibliography)
- 5.Jennifer W. Jay. (1995), The Eunuchs And Sinicization In The Non-Han Conquest Dynasties In China, Asian Studies on the Pacific Coast Conference, June 16-18, 1995, at Forest Grove, Oregon, U.S.A.
- "Eunuchs and Sinicization in the Non-Han Conquest Dynasties of China." Selected Papers in ASPAC 1995. Also reprinted in Chinese Culture and Education, Selected Proceedings of the 1995 Annual Meeting of the Chinese-Canadian Academic and Professional Society of Canada, Vancouver, 1995, pp. 25-41.
- Jay, Jennifer W
  - University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
  - Eunuchs and Sinicization in the non-Han Conquest Dynasties of China
- [1] [5] Jennifer, W. Jay. The Eunuchs and Sinicization in the Non-Han Conquest of China. A paper presented to the Asian Studies on the Pacific Coast Conference 1995. Not published.]
↑ Tuotuo 1974, pp.109.1480-82 (or Liaoshi, 109.1480-82)
↑ 国学导航－遼史 (遼史卷一百０九　列傳第三十九)
↑ 中国古籍全录 (卷一百一　列传第三十九)
↑ 梦远书城 > 辽史 > (卷一百一　列传第三十九)
↑ 遼史　卷七一至一百十五 (列傳　第一至四五) (遼史卷一百九) (列傳第三十九)(伶官)
↑ 辽史-卷一百九列传第三十九 - 文学100
↑ 《辽史》作者：脱脱_第115页_全文在线阅读_思兔 - 思兔阅读
↑ 王继恩传_白话二十四史 - 中学生读书网 (当前位置：中学生读书网 >> 白话二十四史)
↑ 王继恩_英语例句|英文例子|在线翻译_栗子搜！([例句2 来源：王继恩)]
↑ 白话辽史-王继恩传 - 文学100
↑ 王继恩传
↑ (zh) 脫脫 (Tuotuo), « 遼史/卷109　列傳第39: 伶官宦官 », 維基文庫 (Chinese Wikisource) (consulté le 5 septembre 2013)

Liens externes[modifier | modifier le code]

Notices d'autorité :
- VIAF
- LCCN
- Pays-Bas
- Australie
- WorldCat

Portail du monde chinois

[1] Man(1999), 95.

[2] Peterson(2000), 259.

[3] Derven(2000), 199.

[4] Bauer(2010), 569.

[5] Wang(2013).

[6] Keay(2010).

[Jay-7] McMahon(2013), 261.

[8] McMahon(2013), 269.

[9] *The EUNUCHS AND SINICIZATION IN THE NON-HAN CONQUEST DYNASTIES OF CHINA
JENNIFER W. JAY

UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA, Canada

This paper was presented at the Asian Studies on the Pacific Coast Conference, June 16-18, 1995, at Forest Grove, Oregon, U.S.A. Research for this project was facilitated by a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. (Although the link is to a forum, the paper is posted in its full length there since it is not availible online as it was never published. The following links are to papers and articles where the original paper by Jennifer W. Jay was referenced in the bibliography)

5.Jennifer W. Jay. (1995), The Eunuchs And Sinicization In The Non-Han Conquest Dynasties In China, Asian Studies on the Pacific Coast Conference, June 16-18, 1995, at Forest Grove, Oregon, U.S.A.

"Eunuchs and Sinicization in the Non-Han Conquest Dynasties of China." Selected Papers in ASPAC 1995. Also reprinted in Chinese Culture and Education, Selected Proceedings of the 1995 Annual Meeting of the Chinese-Canadian Academic and Professional Society of Canada, Vancouver, 1995, pp. 25-41.

Jay, Jennifer W
University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada

Eunuchs and Sinicization in the non-Han Conquest Dynasties of China

[1] [5] Jennifer, W. Jay. The Eunuchs and Sinicization in the Non-Han Conquest of China. A paper presented to the Asian Studies on the Pacific Coast Conference 1995. Not published.]

[10] JENNIFER W. JAY

UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA, Canada

This paper was presented at the Asian Studies on the Pacific Coast Conference, June 16-18, 1995, at Forest Grove, Oregon, U.S.A. Research for this project was facilitated by a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. (Although the link is to a forum, the paper is posted in its full length there since it is not availible online as it was never published. The following links are to papers and articles where the original paper by Jennifer W. Jay was referenced in the bibliography)

[11] JENNIFER W. JAY

[12] UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA, Canada

[13] This paper was presented at the Asian Studies on the Pacific Coast Conference, June 16-18, 1995, at Forest Grove, Oregon, U.S.A. Research for this project was facilitated by a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. (Although the link is to a forum, the paper is posted in its full length there since it is not availible online as it was never published. The following links are to papers and articles where the original paper by Jennifer W. Jay was referenced in the bibliography)

[14] 5.Jennifer W. Jay. (1995), The Eunuchs And Sinicization In The Non-Han Conquest Dynasties In China, Asian Studies on the Pacific Coast Conference, June 16-18, 1995, at Forest Grove, Oregon, U.S.A.

[15] "Eunuchs and Sinicization in the Non-Han Conquest Dynasties of China." Selected Papers in ASPAC 1995. Also reprinted in Chinese Culture and Education, Selected Proceedings of the 1995 Annual Meeting of the Chinese-Canadian Academic and Professional Society of Canada, Vancouver, 1995, pp. 25-41.

[16] Jay, Jennifer W
University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada

Eunuchs and Sinicization in the non-Han Conquest Dynasties of China

[17] University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada

[18] Eunuchs and Sinicization in the non-Han Conquest Dynasties of China

[19] [1] [5] Jennifer, W. Jay. The Eunuchs and Sinicization in the Non-Han Conquest of China. A paper presented to the Asian Studies on the Pacific Coast Conference 1995. Not published.]

[10] Tuotuo 1974, pp.109.1480-82 (or Liaoshi, 109.1480-82)

[11] 国学导航－遼史 (遼史卷一百０九　列傳第三十九)

[12] 中国古籍全录 (卷一百一　列传第三十九)

[13] 梦远书城 > 辽史 > (卷一百一　列传第三十九)

[14] 遼史　卷七一至一百十五 (列傳　第一至四五) (遼史卷一百九) (列傳第三十九)(伶官)

[15] 辽史-卷一百九列传第三十九 - 文学100

[16] 《辽史》作者：脱脱_第115页_全文在线阅读_思兔 - 思兔阅读

[17] 王继恩传_白话二十四史 - 中学生读书网 (当前位置：中学生读书网 >> 白话二十四史)

[18] 王继恩_英语例句|英文例子|在线翻译_栗子搜！([例句2 来源：王继恩)]

[19] 白话辽史-王继恩传 - 文学100

[20] 王继恩传

[21] (zh) 脫脫 (Tuotuo), « 遼史/卷109　列傳第39: 伶官宦官 », 維基文庫 (Chinese Wikisource) (consulté le 5 septembre 2013)

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